Following are the three I's of police selection. Which one of these does NOT belong?

According to your text, three highly important qualities for police are:

The movement to limit the discretion of police officers is the result of:

Police officers cannot make an arrest for every violation of law—that is, they cannot provide:

The practice of relying on the judgment of the police leadership and rank-and-file officers to decide which laws to enforce is referred to as:

For a long time, police looked at domestic violence calls as ____ when, in fact, they should have been treated as ____.

Which of the following is defined as the harmful physical and emotional outcomes that occur when the requirements of a job do not match the capabilities, resources, or needs of the employee?

Which of the following is a measure of coercion beyond what is necessary to control participants in a conflict?

Which of the following U.S. Supreme Court decisions severely restricted the police use of deadly force?

A court of ____ jurisdiction has the authority to hear a case when it is first brought to court.

Trial courts of ____ jurisdiction are sometimes referred to generally as “inferior trial courts” or simply as “lower courts.”

Which of the following is the attempt to “correct” the personality and behavior of convicted offenders through educational, vocational, or therapeutic treatment and to return them to society as law-abiding citizens?

The ____ is a community's chief law enforcement official and is responsible primarily for the protection of society.

The ____ mandate(s) that a prosecutor provide defense counsel with any exculpatory evidence in the prosecutor's possession.

The role of defense lawyers is to:

Public defenders commonly spend ____ with their clients.

Which of the following is a judicial selection process in which the governor appoints judges from a list of qualified lawyers, which is compiled by a nonpartisan nominating commission composed of both lawyers and other citizens?

After suspects officially become defendants, they are brought before a lower-court judge for:

The Supreme Court has ruled that anyone arrested without a warrant may be held no longer than ____ before a judge decides whether the arrest was justified.

Which of the following is usually a monetary guarantee deposited with the court that is supposed to ensure that the suspect or defendant will appear at a later stage in the criminal justice process?

The alternative to the grand jury, in states that do not choose to utilize them, is the filing of a(n):

When defendants plead nolo contendere, they:

Which of the following is a possible outcome in state court criminal trials that end in hung juries?

State and federal legislative bodies enact ____ that specify appropriate punishments for each statutory offense or class of offense.

Judges can suspend an entire sentence if the offender:

A(n) ____sentence has a fixed minimum and maximum term of incarceration, rather than a set period.

Presumptive sentences may be based on sentencing guidelines, which are developed by sentencing commissions comprised of:

Which of the following is an effort to do something for victims and their survivors—to return them, as much as possible, to their previous state and to make them “whole” again?

Before the Supreme Court's 1991 decision, ____ were considered irrelevant and potentially inflammatory and were not allowed.

Generally, a presentence investigation report (PSI) is prepared by a:

Nearly ____ of state trial court decisions are affirmed on appeal.

Reductions in sentences for death row inmates, which are granted by a state's governor, are called:

How many states have laws that protect the basic rights of crime victims in the criminal justice system?

The closest European forerunner of the modern U.S. prison was known as:

Which of the following was designed for younger, less hardened offenders, between 16 and 30 years of age?

Most early women's prison employed ____, as distinguished from the ____ of men's prisons.

Originally, big-house prisons:

When offenders are sentenced to the custody of the department of corrections in most states, they are transported initially to a:

Men's prisons are often distinguished from one another by:

A(n) ____ is a very short-term (for instance, 24- to 48-hour) holding facility.

A ____ is a facility that holds convicted offenders and unconvicted persons for relatively short periods of up to one year.

Which of the following countries consistently has one of the highest incarceration rates in the world?

For which of the following purposes is most of jail funding used?

A ____is an institutional setting in which people are cut off from the wider society and are expected to live according to institutional rules and procedures.

The ____ model holds that the inmate society is shaped by factors external to the prison environment—specifically, the pre-prison experiences and socialization patterns that inmates bring with them when they enter prison.

Entering the ____ of the prison means finding in the diverse environment of the institution a niche that will accommodate the inmate's unique combination of needs.

In women's prisons, the ____ role is occupied by sophisticated professional criminals, who try to do easy time by manipulating other inmates and the staff to their own advantage.

Researchers have observed that the work of correctional officers is characterized by both:

Until the middle of the 20th century, the courts followed a ____ philosophy toward prison matters.

Inmates skilled in legal matters are known as:

The equal-protection clause under the ____ Amendment has led the Supreme Court to forbid racial discrimination and has led state courts to target gender discrimination.

The term parole can

Mandatory release is similar to ____ in that people let out under either arrangement ordinarily receive a period of community supervision.

Approximately what percent of all prison inmates will eventually be released from prison?

Community corrections has traditionally emphasized:

Which of the following refers to organized and systematic efforts to remove people from the criminal justice process by placing them in programs that offer alternatives to the next, more restrictive stage of processing?

Which of the following is the most frequently used sentence in criminal justice?

If a client has violated the conditions of probation, the probation agency may recommend:

Which of the following is used with people leaving prison?

Who is considered the "father" of probation?

Research data clearly show that the general public has more respect for the police and their ethical standards than it does for a variety of other occupations.

One method of controlling the amount of discretion exercised by police officers is close supervision by a police agency's management.

Copicide is a form of suicide in which police officers place themselves in potentially lethal situations in order to get shot.

The U.S. Supreme Court is the court of last resort in all questions of federal and state law.

For most offenses, a majority of defendants are sentenced either on the day of conviction or the next day.

Judges almost always impose the sentence agreed upon during plea negotiations because if they did not, plea bargaining would not work.

The majority of federal inmates are serving time for drug offenses.

Most prisons permit conjugal visits.

Central to the inmate society of traditional men's prisons in the United States is the convict code.

The process of importation occurs when an inmate enters prison for the first time, and is socialized into the customs and principles of the inmate society.

Prisons long had the right to provide only the minimal conditions necessary for human survival.