A Venn diagram comparing viruses to bacteria is shown.

Which traits apply to each section of the diagram?

Kelp forests are critical ecosystems that provide habitats to a variety of animals, including sea urchins, sea stars, sea anemones, crabs, jellyfish, snails, and fish. They also provide hunting grounds for mammals, including sea otters, sea lions, seals, and many different birds. In recent years scientists have documented an increase in shark attacks on sea otters in and around kelp forests.

Which consequence is most likely to occur in kelp forests as a result of increased predation of sea otters?

Which statements best describe the difference between active transport and passive transport?

Achondroplasia is an inherited condition that affects the formation of bone in humans. The allele for achondroplasia (A) is dominant to the unaffected allele (a).

If a person who is homozygous dominant has children with a person who is homozygous recessive, what percentage of their children will likely have achondroplasia? 

Enter your answer. Your answer must be a whole number.

Scientists observe the traits of cells on four microscope slides and record their observations in a table. Based on the scientists’ observations, identify the cell type for each microscope slide in the table.

Which table is correct?

The body sometimes needs to send messages long distances by releasing hormones into the bloodstream. The hormones are then carried to the target location.

Which body systems are involved in this interaction?

Trichonympha are mutualistic microorganisms found in the gut of termites. Which statement BEST explains the relationship between Trichonympha and termites?

Blue whales and narwhals are both marine mammals in Order Cetacea. Which other classification group must these whales share?

Which table correctly identifies the function of each type of RNA?

Which plant response would best aid a plant in maximizing and retaining water acquired during a drought?

The salamanders of the genus Ambystoma in northeastern North America are an entirely female population that reproduces asexually through the process of cloning. However, they have developed a way of inserting DNA from other species of salamanders into their own DNA.

How has DNA from other salamander species helped these Ambystoma salamanders survive environmental changes over the past 6 million years?

In the late 1700s Edward Jenner developed the first vaccine from cowpox, an infectious virus found in cows. How do viruses, like the one responsible for cowpox, cause disease?

When sawdust is added to soil, organisms in the soil will use all the available nitrogen to break the sawdust down. What effect will the lack of nitrogen have on the plants that are near the sawdust?

Certain species of the coral-like sea organisms called bryozoans first appeared about 140 million years ago. They remained unchanged for the first 40 million years and then suddenly experienced rapid genetic change.

Which process would BEST account for the pattern of evolution in bryozoans?

The function of an enzyme in a biochemical reaction is to —

Spores of the fungus Ustilago maydis land and grow on sweet corn. The fungus then infects the plant tissue, extracting nutrients from the plant’s cells.

The relationship between sweet corn and Ustilago maydis can best be described as —

Which of these properties is found only in cancer cells?

Albumin is a protein that is secreted by liver cells and transported to the bloodstream. What factor most directly determines the amino acids that are combined to create albumin?

There are approximately 113 species and subspecies of snakes in Texas. Why would it be important for scientists to use a standardized taxonomic system when naming each species of snake?

A student is looking at a classroom aquarium full of goldfish (Carassius auratus). The student tells a friend, “I love this community of goldfish.”

Why is the student incorrect to classify the goldfish as a community?

During early stages of development, dolphin embryos begin to develop hind limbs. By the time the dolphin fetuses are fully developed, the hind limbs have disappeared.

Which statement best explains the early development and then disappearance of hind limbs in dolphins?

Roots of different plants can be connected by a network of underground fungal extensions called hyphae. These fungi contribute minerals to the plants, and the plants contribute carbohydrates to the fungi.

Part A

Which statement about the transportation of these substances within the plant is true?

Roots of different plants can be connected by a network of underground fungal extensions called hyphae. These fungi contribute minerals to the plants, and the plants contribute carbohydrates to the fungi.

Part B

Which statement supports the answer to Part A?

(The carbohydrates are transported to the fungi through the phloem.)

The Florida panther (Puma concolor coryi) population had declined to approximately 20 to 30 individuals as a result of habitat loss and hunting. Many of the panthers had genetic mutations due to inbreeding that affected their ability to reproduce and survive. Female Texas pumas (Puma concolor stanleyana) were introduced into Florida to mate with the endangered population of panthers. Hybrid panthers had more genetic variation and reproductive success than the Florida panthers.

Which table best represents the mechanism of evolution and the effect on the gene pool of the Florida panther population?

Which pair of statements best compares the primary functions of the carbohydrate chitin and the protein chitinase?

A food chain is shown.

Grasses → Grubs → Armadillos → Coyotes

Which model best represents the amount of energy available for use at each trophic level represented in the food chain?