The student understands the physical characteristics of North America and how humans adapted to and modified the environment through the mid-19th century. Describe the positive and negative consequences of human modification of the physical environment of the United States.
The student understands the impact of religion on the American way of life. Analyze the impact of the First Amendment guarantees of religious freedom on the American way of life.
The student understands the foundations of representative government in the United States. Explain the reasons for the growth of representative government and institutions during the colonial period.
The student understands the relationship between the arts and the times during which they were created. Identify examples of American art, music, and literature that reflect society in different eras such as the Hudson River School artists, the "Battle Hymn of the Republic," and transcendental literature.
The student understands the purpose of changing the U.S. Constitution and the impact of amendments on American society. Describe the impact of the 13th, 14th, and 15th amendments.
The student understands traditional historical points of reference in U.S. history through 1877. Identify the major eras in U.S. history through 1877, including colonization, revolution, creation and ratification of the Constitution, early republic, the Age of Jackson, westward expansion, reform movements, sectionalism, Civil War, and Reconstruction, and describe their causes and effects.
The student understands the impact of landmark Supreme Court cases. Identify the origin of judicial review.
The student understands the physical characteristics of North America and how humans adapted to and modified the environment through the mid-19th century. Analyze how physical characteristics of the environment influenced population distribution, settlement patterns, and economic activities in the United States.
The student understands the challenges confronted by the government and its leaders in the early years of the republic and the Age of Jackson. Summarize arguments regarding protective tariffs, taxation, and the banking system.
The student understands the major reform movements of the 19th century. Evaluate the impact of reform movements, including educational reform, temperance, the women's rights movement, prison reform, the labor reform movement, and care of the disabled.
The student understands westward expansion and its effects on the political, economic, and social development of the nation. Analyze the westward growth of the nation, including the Louisiana Purchase and Manifest Destiny.
The student understands significant political and economic issues of the revolutionary and Constitutional eras. Explain the issues surrounding important events of the American Revolution, including declaring independence; fighting the battles of Lexington and Concord, Saratoga, and Yorktown; enduring the winter at Valley Forge; and signing the Treaty of Paris of 1783.
The student understands the effects of Reconstruction on the political, economic, and social life of the nation. Explain the economic, political, and social problems during Reconstruction and evaluate their impact on different groups.
The student understands why various sections of the United States developed different patterns of economic activity through 1877. Analyze the causes and effects of economic differences among different regions of the United States at selected times.
The student understands the challenges confronted by the government and its leaders in the early years of the republic and the Age of Jackson. Describe major domestic problems faced by the leaders of the new republic, including maintaining national security, creating a stable economic system, and setting up the court system.
The student understands the location and characteristics of places and regions of the United States, past and present. Compare places and regions of the United States in terms of physical and human characteristics.
The student understands traditional historical points of reference in U.S. history through 1877. Explain the significance of the following dates: 1607, founding of Jamestown; 1620, arrival of the Pilgrims and signing of the Mayflower Compact; 1776, adoption of the Declaration of Independence; 1787, writing of the U.S. Constitution; 1803, Louisiana Purchase; and 1861-1865, Civil War.
The student understands the American beliefs and principles reflected in the Declaration of Independence, the U.S. Constitution, and other important historic documents.
The student understands how political, economic, and social factors led to the growth of sectionalism and the Civil War. Analyze the impact of the Fugitive Slave Act of 1850 on slavery, free Blacks, and abolitionists.
The student understands the relationships between and among people from various groups, including racial, ethnic, and religious groups, during the 17th, 18th, and 19th centuries. Identify racial, ethnic, and religious groups that settled in the United States and explain their reasons for immigration.
The student understands the importance of effective leadership in a constitutional republic. Describe the contributions of significant political, social, and military leaders of the United States such as Frederick Douglass, John Paul Jones, Susan B. Anthony, and Elizabeth Cady Stanton.
The student understands the major reform movements of the 19th century. Describe and evaluate the historical development of the abolition movement, including activities that focused attention on the moral ills of slavery.
The student understands the importance of the expression of different points of view in a constitutional republic. Identify different points of view of political parties and interest groups on important historical issues.
The student understands the causes of exploration and colonization eras. Compare political, economic, religious, and social reasons for the establishment of the 13 English colonies.
The student understands the impact of science and technology on the economic development of the United States. Explain the effects of technological and scientific innovations such as the steamboat, the cotton gin, the telegraph, and interchangeable parts.
The student understands the challenges confronted by the government and its leaders in the early years of the republic and the Age of Jackson. Explain the impact of the election of Andrew Jackson, including expanded suffrage
The student understands the location and characteristics of places and regions of the United States, past and present. Analyze the effects of physical and human geographic factors such as weather, landforms, waterways, transportation, and communication on major historical events in the United States.
The student understands how various economic forces resulted in the Industrial Revolution in the 19th century. Identify the economic factors that brought about rapid industrialization and urbanization.
The student understands the American beliefs and principles reflected in the Declaration of Independence, the U.S. Constitution, and other important historic documents.
The student understands individuals, issues, and events of the Civil War. Explain significant events of the Civil War, including the firing on Fort Sumter; the battles of Antietam, Gettysburg, and Vicksburg; the Emancipation Proclamation; Lee's surrender at Appomattox Court House; and the assassination of Abraham Lincoln.
The student understands the rights and responsibilities of citizens of the United States. Define and give examples of unalienable rights.
The student understands the dynamic nature of the powers of the national government and state governments in a federal system. Analyze the arguments of the Federalists and Anti-Federalists, including those of Alexander Hamilton, Patrick Henry, James Madison, and George Mason, and explain how their debates exemplify civil discourse.
The student understands significant political and economic issues of the revolutionary and Constitutional eras. Analyze the issues of the Constitutional Convention of 1787, including the Great Compromise and the Three-Fifths Compromise.
The student understands the impact of scientific discoveries and technological innovations on daily life in the United States. Identify examples of how industrialization changed life in the United States.
The student understands the dynamic nature of the powers of the national government and state governments in a federal system. Explain constitutional issues arising over the issue of states' rights, including the Nullification Crisis and the Civil War.
The student understands the relationships between and among people from various groups, including racial, ethnic, and religious groups, during the 17th, 18th, and 19th centuries. Identify ways conflicts between people from various racial, ethnic, and religious groups were addressed.
The student understands the causes of exploration and colonization eras. Identify reasons for English, Spanish, and French exploration and colonization of North America.
The student understands significant political and economic issues of the revolutionary and Constitutional eras. Analyze causes of the American Revolution, including the Proclamation of 1763, the Intolerable Acts, the Stamp Act, mercantilism, lack of representation in Parliament, and British economic policies following the French and Indian War.
The student understands why various sections of the United States developed different patterns of economic activity through 1877. Explain reasons for the development of the plantation system, the transatlantic slave trade, and the spread of slavery.
The student understands individuals, issues, and events of the Civil War. Analyze Abraham Lincoln's ideas about liberty, equality, union, and government as contained in his first and second inaugural addresses and the Gettysburg Address and contrast them with the ideas contained in Jefferson Davis's inaugural address.
The student understands the origins and development of the free enterprise system in the United States. Describe the characteristics and the benefits of the U.S. free enterprise system through 1877.
The student understands the effects of Reconstruction on the political, economic, and social life of the nation. Evaluate legislative reform programs of the Radical Reconstruction Congress and reconstructed state governments
The student understands the rights and responsibilities of citizens of the United States. Summarize rights guaranteed in the Bill of Rights.
The student understands the impact of scientific discoveries and technological innovations on daily life in the United States. Compare the effects of scientific discoveries and technological innovations that have influenced daily life in different periods in U.S. history.
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