Question 1

What percentage of the human genome is identical between individuals?

Accepted Answer

99.9%

Answer

50%

Answer

90%

Answer

99%

Question 2

Who first concluded that PTC tasting ability was hereditary after testing several families?

Accepted Answer

Laurence H. Snyder

Answer

Albert Blakeslee

Answer

Arthur L. Fox

Answer

C.R. Noller

Question 3

Which chemical receptor is involved in sensing bitter compounds in this lab?

Accepted Answer

TAS2R38

Answer

PAV

Answer

AVI

Answer

GCA

Question 4

What is the name of the bumps on the tongue that contain taste buds?

Accepted Answer

Papillae

Answer

Dendrites

Answer

Gustatory cells

Answer

Microvilli

Question 5

Which specific flavor receptor is triggered by the chemical PTC?

Accepted Answer

Bitter

Answer

Sweet

Answer

Sour

Answer

Umami

Question 6

What term describes an observable trait, such as the ability to taste PTC?

Accepted Answer

Phenotype

Answer

Genotype

Answer

Allele

Answer

SNP

Question 7

If a person is a "non-taster" for PTC, what is their genotype?

Accepted Answer

Homozygous recessive (tt)

Answer

Hemizygous (T)

Answer

Homozygous dominant (TT)

Answer

Heterozygous (Tt)

Question 8

On which chromosome is the TAS2R38 gene located?

Accepted Answer

Chromosome 7

Answer

Chromosome 1

Answer

Chromosome 21

Answer

Chromosome X

Question 9

How long is the TAS2R38 gene in nucleotide base pairs (bp)?

Accepted Answer

1143 bp

Answer

221 bp

Answer

785 bp

Answer

145 bp

Question 10

What does the acronym SNP stand for in genetics?

Accepted Answer

Single Nucleotide Polymorphism

Answer

Sequence Native Part

Answer

Simple Nucleic Protein

Answer

Standard Nuclear Process

Question 11

What is the function of the TAS2R38 gene?

Accepted Answer

It codes for a cell-surface protein that binds to PTC

Answer

It sends electrical signals directly to the brain

Answer

It creates the physical structure of papillae

Answer

It produces saliva to dissolve food

Question 12

What is the goal of personalized medicine?

Accepted Answer

To tailor medical treatments to an individual's unique genetic background

Answer

To eliminate the need for DNA testing

Answer

To create a single pill that cures all diseases

Answer

To make medicine cheaper for everyone

Question 13

What are restriction enzymes often referred to as in molecular biology?

Accepted Answer

Molecular scissors

Answer

Genetic blueprints

Answer

Protein builders

Answer

Molecular glue

Question 14

Which restriction enzyme is used in this lab to distinguish taster and non-taster alleles?

Accepted Answer

HaeIII

Answer

EcoRI

Answer

BamHI

Answer

HindIII

Question 15

What specific nucleotide sequence does the HaeIII enzyme recognize?

Accepted Answer

GGCC

Answer

CGCG

Answer

AAAA

Answer

TATA

Question 16

How many bands will appear on an agarose gel for a homozygous dominant (TT) taster after restriction digest?

Accepted Answer

Two bands

Answer

Four bands

Answer

Three bands

Answer

One band

Question 17

How many bands will a heterozygous (Tt) taster show on an agarose gel after restriction digest?

Accepted Answer

Three bands

Answer

Zero bands

Answer

One band

Answer

Two bands

Question 18

What size is the PCR product fragment that is amplified for analysis in this lab?

Accepted Answer

221 bp

Answer

176 bp

Answer

1143 bp

Answer

45 bp

Question 19

Where are the gustatory cells located?

Accepted Answer

Inside taste buds

Answer

On the surface of the teeth

Answer

In the brain's flavor center

Answer

In the sensory neurons

Question 20

What solution is used to swish in the mouth to collect cheek cells?

Accepted Answer

Saline solution

Answer

10% bleach

Answer

Distilled water

Answer

Extraction solution

Question 21

During DNA extraction, why is the sample incubated at 95°C?

Accepted Answer

To break open the cells and release DNA

Answer

To freeze the DNA

Answer

To cool down the enzymes

Answer

To synthesize new DNA strands

Question 22

What is the purpose of centrifuging the sample after heating it during extraction?

Accepted Answer

To collect cell debris at the bottom

Answer

To heat the sample further

Answer

To mix the chemicals

Answer

To create more spit

Question 23

What is the liquid above the pellet called after centrifugation?

Accepted Answer

Supernatant

Answer

Taq

Answer

Primer

Answer

Agarose

Question 24

In the PCR reaction mix, what is the purpose of the "Primer Mix"?

Accepted Answer

To identify and bind to the specific DNA region to be copied

Answer

To provide energy for the reaction

Answer

To break down the DNA

Answer

To dye the DNA for visibility

Question 25

What is the total volume of the PCR reaction created for each student?

Accepted Answer

20 µL

Answer

5 µL

Answer

10 µL

Answer

15 µL

Question 26

How many cycles are typically run in the PCR protocol for this lab?

Accepted Answer

30 cycles

Answer

10 cycles

Answer

5 cycles

Answer

100 cycles

Question 27

What is the recommended temperature for the "Initial Denaturation" step in PCR?

Accepted Answer

94°C

Answer

4°C

Answer

72°C

Answer

66°C

Question 28

What is the final incubation temperature used to keep samples cold in the PCR machine?

Accepted Answer

4°C

Answer

37°C

Answer

95°C

Answer

25°C

Question 29

Which of these is a safety rule mentioned for the lab?

Accepted Answer

Wear lab coats，gloves

Answer

Use electrical equipment with wet hands

Answer

Dispose of biohazards in regular trash

Answer

Taste the chemicals in the lab

Question 30

What should you do with biological waste after the lab?

Accepted Answer

Put it in a biohazard bag or 10% bleach solution

Answer

Take it home for further study

Answer

Throw it in the sink

Answer

Leave it on the workbench

Question 31

If a child has the genotype "tt", what can we say about their ability to taste PTC?

Accepted Answer

They are a non-taster

Answer

They are a strong taster

Answer

They can taste it only if they are older

Answer

They are a weak taster

Question 32

Why might sensitivity to PTC vary even among those who can taste it?

Accepted Answer

Because other genes may be involved

Answer

Because some people don't have tongues

Answer

Because the paper is always different

Answer

Because it's not actually genetic

Question 33

What does the "Taq PCR MasterMix" contain?

Accepted Answer

The enzymes and reagents needed for DNA synthesis

Answer

Only cheek cells

Answer

Only DNA

Answer

Only salt

Question 34

When using a micropipette, why should you add small volumes directly to the bottom of the tube?

Accepted Answer

To avoid having bubbles trapped at the bottom

Answer

To keep the tube heavy

Answer

To speed up the heating process

Answer

To make it easier to see the color

Question 35

What happens when a chemical binds to a receptor on a gustatory cell?

Accepted Answer

A response inside the cell is triggered

Answer

The cell dies immediately

Answer

The brain stops processing signals

Answer

The tongue changes color

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