an economic system in which private business operates in competition and largely free of state control.

the growth of cities

changes in manufacturing and transportation

human-made waterways

Movement of individuals into a population

A machine for cleaning the seeds from cotton fibers, invented by Eli Whitney in 1793

A boat that moves by the power of a steam engine, made it easier and quicker to travel goods

Identical components that can be used in place of one another in manufacturing

A device for rapid, long-distance transmission of information over an electric wire. It was introduced in England and North America in the 1830s and 1840s.

A person who wanted to end slavery

campaign to limit or ban the use of alcoholic beverages

a revival of religious feeling and belief from the 1800s to the 1840s

*Group of American landscape painters

See image

an organized effort to improve political, legal and economic status of women in American society

Southerners favored freedom of trade & believed in the authority of states over the fed. gov.

Supreme Court Decision - Cherokee Indians were entitled to federal protection from the actions of state governments which would infringe on the tribe's sovereignty - Jackson ignored it

1800s belief that Americans had the right to spread across the continent.

President Thomas Jefferson purchased the Louisiana Territory from France.

Split between U.S. and Great Britain, the U.S. had finally achieved its goal of Manifest Destiny.

fought over boundaries, and ended with the signing of Treaty of Guadalupe-Hidalgo.

policy established for admitting new states into the U.S.

1848. Awarded as part of the Treaty of Guadalupe-Hidalgo after the Mexican American War. U.S. paid $15 million for 525,000 square miles.

Mass migration to California following the discovery of gold in 1848

Railroad connecting the west and east coasts of the continental US

Loyalty to a region

devoted to an agrarian plantation economy

(1) California admitted as free state, (2) territorial status and popular sovereignty of Utah and New Mexico, (3) resolution of Texas-New Mexico boundaries, (4) federal assumption of Texas debt, (5) slave trade abolished in DC, and (6) new fugitive slave law; advocated by Henry Clay and Stephen A. Douglas

Supreme Court case that decided US Congress did not have the power to prohibit slavery in federal territories and slaves, as private property, could not be taken away without due process - basically slaves would remain slaves in non-slave states and slaves could not sue because they were not citizens

part of the Compromise of 1850, legislation that set up special commitions in northern states to determine if accused runaway slaves were actually that. commissionera were giver more money if the accused was found to be a runaway tha if he/she was not. many northern state legislatures attempted to circumvent this law.

Civil War was fought.

Laws denying most legal rights to newly freed slaves; passed by southern states following the Civil War

The time after the Civil War between 1866 and 1877 when the institutions and infrastructure of the South were rebuilt.

Abolishes and prohibits slavery

1) Citizenship for African Americans

Citizens cannot be denied the right to vote because of race, color , or precious condition of servitude