Since I was 11, I ____ in Virginia.

If you ____ (ask) for help, I would have helped you.

We ____ (see) each other since we graduated.

Before I heard her stories last year, I ____ (believe) in ghosts.

He ____ (write) the letter before she apologized.

If it ____ (be) colder, we could go ice skating.

If they ____ (offer) me the job, I would have turned down my current one.

Since moving to the coast, she ____ (take) up surfing.

She ____ (not finish) her project before the rest of the team finished theirs.

If they ____ (invite) us, we would have gone to the party.

Infer the meaning of the word Portend based on the context clues provided in the paragraphs. Paragraph 1 (Character Reaction): The sudden chill in the air hinted at a coming storm that had not yet reached the valley. Paragraph 2 (Cause and Effect): Because the birds migrated early, locals suspected harsher weather lay ahead. Paragraph 3 (Contrast): While some changes were meaningless, this shift suggested something larger approaching.

Infer the meaning of the word Correspond based on the context clues provided in the paragraphs. Paragraph 1 (Character Reaction): His explanation matched everything she already knew. Paragraph 2 (Cause and Effect): Because the results aligned with earlier findings, researchers continued confidently. Paragraph 3 (Contrast): While some theories contradicted the data, this one matched perfectly.

Infer the meaning of the word Nonchalance based on the context clues provided in the paragraphs. Paragraph 1 (Character Reaction): Despite the warnings, he strolled casually through the hallway without a trace of urgency. Paragraph 2 (Cause and Effect): Because she treated the deadline lightly, others questioned whether she even cared. Paragraph 3 (Contrast): While the team scrambled under pressure, he remained oddly unconcerned.

Infer the meaning of the word Indisputable based on the context clues provided in the paragraphs. Paragraph 1 (Character Reaction): When the video appeared, no one could argue about what truly happened. Paragraph 2 (Cause and Effect): Because the measurements matched perfectly, the conclusion stood firm. Paragraph 3 (Contrast): While some theories were debated, this fact remained certain.

Infer the meaning of the word Disingenuously based on the context clues provided in the paragraphs. Paragraph 1 (Character Reaction): Although she smiled politely, her carefully crafted compliments lacked sincerity. Paragraph 2 (Cause and Effect): Because he flattered his supervisor to avoid conflict, his praise felt hollow. Paragraph 3 (Contrast): While genuine gratitude carries warmth, his words rang false beneath a polished surface.

Infer the meaning of the word Anticipated based on the context clues provided in the paragraphs. Paragraph 1 (Character Reaction): She had already prepared a response before the question was even asked. Paragraph 2 (Cause and Effect): Because the pattern repeated every year, the outcome surprised no one. Paragraph 3 (Contrast): While others were caught off guard, this one aligned with their prediction.

Infer the meaning of the word Anticipating based on the context clues provided in the paragraphs. Paragraph 1 (Character Reaction): When the door clicked, she straightened before anyone arrived. Paragraph 2 (Cause and Effect): Because he predicted the storm, he secured equipment ahead of time. Paragraph 3 (Contrast): While others were surprised by the news, Mira had already adjusted her schedule.

Infer the meaning of the word Aesthetic based on the context clues provided in the paragraphs. Paragraph 1 (Character Reaction): She paused before the painting, appreciating not its subject but the delicate interplay of color and form. Paragraph 2 (Cause and Effect): Because the architect valued harmony over efficiency, the building’s flowing lines took precedence over rigid structure. Paragraph 3 (Contrast): While others judged objects by usefulness, his lens centered on how they looked and felt.

Infer the meaning of the word Exploiting based on the context clues provided in the paragraphs. Paragraph 1 (Character Reaction): He used interns for tasks far beyond what they were promised, offering little in return. Paragraph 2 (Cause and Effect): Because the customers trusted him, he inflated prices to maximize profits. Paragraph 3 (Contrast): While fair partnerships benefited everyone, this arrangement benefited only one side.

Infer the meaning of the word Confounded based on the context clues provided in the paragraphs. Paragraph 1 (Character Reaction): He reread the formula several times, each attempt leaving him more baffled than before. Paragraph 2 (Cause and Effect): Because the results contradicted expectations, the team struggled to form a coherent explanation. Paragraph 3 (Contrast): While straightforward problems offered clarity, this one left them at a loss.

A psychology team tested whether short meditation clips reduced physiological stress. Participants who watched the clips showed lower heart rates than those who watched neutral videos. The team did not test performance on decision-making tasks. Proposed Conclusion: Participants who watched meditation clips made better decisions under stress. Question: Is the proposed conclusion logically correct?

A school district adopted a new physics textbook after complaints that the previous edition was disorganized. In surveys, many students reported that the new textbook “finally made the chapter sequence make sense.” Proposed Conclusion: Students found the new textbook more organized than the old one. Question: Is the proposed conclusion logically correct?

An art foundation released high-resolution online galleries during a renovation period. Web traffic dramatically increased, but museum attendance remained stable once the museum reopened. Proposed Conclusion: Online galleries caused a decline in museum attendance. Question: Is the proposed conclusion logically correct?

Ecologists studied nitrogen-cycling in a freshwater wetland and found unusually rapid nitrogen turnover due to high microbial density. Nearby wetlands did not show similar rates. The studied wetland had a unique combination of plant species and soil chemistry. Proposed Conclusion: All wetlands have extremely rapid nitrogen-cycling rates. Question: Is the proposed conclusion logically correct?

A café released a reformulated house blend in 2023. A critic who had previously praised the café’s coffee found the new blend “muddy and unfocused.” The review said nothing about the café’s service or atmosphere. Proposed Conclusion: The café’s overall reputation suffered after the new blend was released. Question: Is the proposed conclusion logically correct?