a molecule in which the charges are unevenly distributed creating a positive charge on one side and a negative charge on the other; for example a water molecule

any molecule that is produced by a living organism; examples are carbohydrates, proteins, lipids, and nucleic acids

small unit that can join together with other small units to form a polymer

large compound formed from combinations of many monomers

biomolecule made up of carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen atoms in a 1:2:1 ratio.

utilized as a primary energy source for living things; used for structure in plant cell walls - cellulose

single sugar molecule; monomer of a carbohydrate; for example glucose

two monosaccharides chemically bonded together

polymer formed from chemically bonding together many monosaccharides; for example starch

macromolecule made mainly from carbon and hydrogen atoms (very very few oxygen atoms)

used to store energy and provide insulation; important parts of biological membranes such as the cell membrane; common categories are fats, oils, and waxes

important building block of a lipid molecule

a class of lipids that are a major component of all cell membranes as they can form lipid bilayers

macromolecule that contains carbon, hydrogen, oxygen, and NITROGEN

a source of nitrogen; control the rate of reactions and regulate cell processes; used to form bones, muscle, hair, skin, etc.; transport things in and out of cells; help fight disease; NOT a primary source of energy (common misconception)

monomer of proteins (polypeptides)

macromolecule containing carbon, hydrogen, oxygen, nitrogen, and PHOSPHORUS (P)

function to store and transmit heredity, or genetic information; ex. deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA), ribonucleic acid (RNA)

monomer of nucleic acids; 3 parts are phosphate group, 5-carbon sugar,  and nitrogen base

any substance that speeds up the rate of a chemical reaction

protein that acts as a biological catalyst; it speeds up chemical reactions by lowering the activiation energy

energy needed to get a chemical reaction started

reactant in a chemical reaction using an enzyme

the small portion of an enzyme where substrate molecules bind and undergo a chemical reaction

a substrate bound to the active site of an enzyme

it takes a lot of heat to change the temperature of water

A measure of how difficult it is to stretch or break the surface of a liquid, gives some insects the ability to walk on water.

the sticking together of particles of the same substance.

An attraction between molecules of different substances; how water sticks to glass

has the ability to dissolve most substances given enough time because of its polar nature