The downtown or nucleus of a city where retail stores, offices, and cultural activities are concentrated; building densities are usually quite high

a model describing urban land uses as a series of circular belts or rings around a core CBD, each ring housing a distinct type of land use

Focuses on residential patterns explaining where the wealthy in a city choose to live. He argued that the city grows outward from the center, so a low-rent area could extend all the way from the CBD to the city's outer edge, creating zones which are shaped like pieces of a pie.

Type of urban form wherein cities have numerous centers of business and cultural activity instead of one central place.

An area within a city in a less developed country in which people illegally establish residences on land they do not own or rent and erect homemade structures.

A process by which banks draw lines on a map and refuse to lend money to purchase or improve property within the boundaries.

Housing owned by the government; in the United States, it is rented to low-income residents

the restoration of run-down urban areas by the middle class (resulting in the displacement of lower-income people)

A model of North American urban areas consisting of an inner city surrounded by large suburban residential and business areas tied together by a beltway or ring road.

A large node of office and retail activities on the edge of an urban area.

the unplanned and uncontrolled spreading of cities into surrounding regions

A ring of land maintained as parks, agriculture, or other types of open space to limit the sprawl of an urban area.

A law that limits the permitted uses of land and maximum density of development in a community.

Theory proposed by Walter Christaller that explains how and where central places in the urban hierarchy should be functionally and spatially distributed with respect to one another.

The minimum number of people needed to support the service

The maximum distance people are willing to travel to use a service.

A process by which real estate agents convince white property owners to sell their houses at low prices because of fear that persons of color will soon move into the neighborhood

the move of white city-dwellers to the suburbs to escape the influx of minorities.

A movement in urban planning to promote mixed use commercial and residential development and pedestrian friendly, community orientated cities.

a region in which several large cities and surrounding areas grow together

residential areas surrounding a city

the country's nth-largest settlement is 1/n the population of the largest settlement

cities with more than 10 million people

the basic physical and organizational structures and facilities (e.g., buildings, roads, and power supplies) needed for the operation of a society or enterprise.

develop international influence or start operating on an international scale.

The use of Earth's renewable and nonrenewable natural resources in ways that do not constrain resource use in the future.

More than one type of zoning, such as a condominium that has residential and commercial units.

Transportation service for the general public operating on a regular, continual basis that is publicly or privately owned.

The physical character of a place

the location of a place relative to other places

A new term used to describe cities that have 20 million or more people

According to world systems theory, the most advanced industrial countries, which take the lion's share of profits in the world economic system.

the least developed and least powerful nations; often exploited by the core countries as sources of raw materials, cheap labor, and markets

nations ranking in between core and periphery countries, with some attributes of the core countries but with less of a central role in the global economy

Movement of upper and middle-class people from urban core areas to the surrounding outskirts to escape pollution as well as deteriorating social conditions

communities that arise farther out than the suburbs and are typically populated by residents of high socioeconomic status

Rapidly growing suburb cities

A ranking of settlements (hamlet, village, town, city, metropolis) according to their size and economic functions.

A mathematical formula that describes the level of interaction between two places, based on the size of their populations and their distance from each other.

a geographical economic theory to how the price and demand on real estate changes as the distance towards the CBD increases

Includes a thriving CBD with a commercial spine. The quality of houses decreases as one moves outward away from the CBD, and the areas of worse housing occurs in the disamenity sectors.

port is key aspect, suburbs present in two patches, alien commercial zone and western commercial zone, zone and function based

3 CBDs, colonial, traditional, and market zone

the use of vacant land and property within a built-up area for further construction or development

contaminated industrial or commercial sites that may require environmental cleanup before they can be redeveloped or expanded

A form of urban property consisting of blighted or obsolete buildings occupying land that is not necessarily contaminated. Distressed areas that require investment to restore them to economic health.

the overall level of comfort, access, enjoyment, and connectivity of an area that facilitates walking

urban communities where the planners have put into place smart growth initiatives to decrease the rate at which the city grows horizontally to avoid the adverse affects of sprawl

segregation by unwritten custom or tradition

The very poorest parts of cities that in extreme cases are not connected to regular city services and are controlled by gangs and drug lords.

zoning regulations that create incentives or requirements for affordable housing development

the impact of a person or community on the environment, expressed as the amount of land required to sustain their use of natural resources.