US History: Unit 8 Review (Adams, Jefferson, Madison)

one of the first two political parties in the US; supported rule by the people; strong state government, economy based on agriculture; strict interpretation of the Constitution, French alliance and were opposed to the National Bank; leaders were Thomas Jefferson and James Madison

one of the first two political parties in the US; supported rule by the wealthy; strong federal government; economy based on manufacturing; loose interpretation of the Constitution, British alliance and supported the National Bank; leaders were Alexander Hamilton and John Adams

2nd POTUS; Federalists; served only one term; dealt with the XYZ Affair; approved the Alien and Sedition Acts and eventually made peace with France

Incident in which French agents demanded a bribe U.S. diplomats in exchange for discussing an agreement that French would no longer attack American ships; led Congress to cancel all treaties with France and prepare for war (eventually settled without war)

A series of laws passed during John Adams administration that sought to restrict the activities of people who opposed Federalist policies; Alien Acts targeted French immigrants who sided with Democratic Republicans and the Sedition Acts made it illegal to criticize the government and its policies (violation of 1st amendment)

Adams, Jefferson, and Burr: Adams lost, Jefferson and Burr tied, Hamilton convinced other Federalists to vote for Jefferson to break the tie

3rd POTUS; Democratic-Republican; took steps to reduce the size and power of the federal government including reducing size of military and reducing number of federal employees

judges appointed to Supreme Court by Adams in the last days of his presidency to retain Federalist power in the Judicial Branch; John Marshall among those appointed

Chief Justice of the Supreme Court appointed by John Adams; under his leadership the court established the precedent of judicial review; ruled on many early decisions that gave the federal government more power

This case establishes the Supreme Court's power of Judicial Review

Allows the court to determine the constitutionality of laws

Year the Louisiana Purchase was acquired by the US

1803 purchase of the Louisiana territory from France; Jefferson hesitated before agreeing to purchase the land for $15 million because it was not a power granted in the Constitution but eventually agreed to the deal which doubled the size of the US.

Emperor of France who sold the Louisiana Territory to the US in order to finance his wars

Meriwether Lewis and William Clark were commissioned by Jefferson to map and explore the Louisiana Purchase region. Beginning at St. Louis, Missouri, the expedition traveled up the Missouri River, across the Rocky Mountains to the Pacific Ocean. It produced extensive maps (geographic info) of the area and recorded many scientific discoveries.