a complete change in ways of thinking, working, or living

change from food gathering to food producing (around 8000 BCE)

Means to change the growth of plants or behavior of animals in ways that are useful for humans

more than is needed

occurs when people spend most of their time working at a single job or craft

system that a community uses to produce and distribute goods and services

complex society that has cities, a well-organized government, and workers with specialized job skills

supply of something that can be used as needed

Cities, organized governments, complex religions, job specialization, social classes, arts and architecture, public works, and writing

a set of shared beliefs about supernatural powers that created and rule the world

groups of people that occupy different ranks or levels in society

projects built by the government for public use

An archaeologist who found bones in East Africa that were more than 1.5 million years old and believed that the bones belonged to a hominid.

the study of how human beings behave, how they act together, where they came from, and what makes one group of people different from another

study human life in the past by examining the things that people left behind

the period of time before written records

the remains or impression of a prehistoric organism preserved in petrified form or as a mold or cast in rock.

scientists who study the physical materials of Earth itself, such as soil and rocks

technique in which scientists calculate the age of a sample based on the amount of remaining radioactive isotopes it contains

object made and used by humans

a gorge in northeastern Tanzania where anthropologists have found some of the earliest human remains

English paleontologist whose account of fossil discoveries in Tanzania changed theories of human evolution (1903-1972)

Anthropologist who found bones that were 3 million years old and named his find Lucy; she was small and had walked on 2 legs.

Discovered a nearly complete skeleton 1.2 million years older than Lucy; Ardi (Ardipithecus ramidis)

found oldest humanlike skull 7 million years old

People who hunt animals and gather wild plants, seeds, fruits, and nuts to survive

tools and skills people use to meet their basic needs and wants

called the old stone age (from 10,000 to 2.5 million years ago); they were concerned with food supply; they used stone as well as bone tools; they were nomadic hunters and gatherers.

A new technology discovered in the stone age used for protection against cold and predators

includes many different elements that make up the way of life of a people

people who move from place to place with the seasons

In Europe, another human species lived and adapted to life in the cold climates of the last Ice Age (appeared about 200,000 years ago in Europe and Asia)

modern humans; appeared about 100,000 years ago; means "wise people"

new tool developed by modern humans

to become an inhabitant of almost every land area of the world

movement of people from one place to another

theory that Africa is the birthplace for all human species; humans migrate from Africa towards other areas of the world around 1.5 million years ago

surroundings

change their way of life

groups of families who claim a common ancestor; 25-50 people

paintings on cave walls and ceilings, especially those dating from prehistoric times

small group of people (10-15 adults)