Question 1

What are monoclonal antibodies?

Accepted Answer

Antibodies produced by a single type of immune cell

Answer

Antibodies produced by bacteria

Answer

Antibodies produced by multiple types of immune cells

Answer

Antibodies produced by viruses

Question 2

How are monoclonal antibodies produced?

Accepted Answer

By fusing a plasma cell with a tumor cell

Answer

By injecting a virus into the body

Answer

By isolating antibodies from multiple individuals

Answer

By synthesizing them in a laboratory

Question 3

What is the function of monoclonal antibodies in pregnancy tests?

Accepted Answer

To detect the presence of human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG)

Answer

To detect the presence of estrogen

Answer

To detect the presence of luteinizing hormone (LH)

Answer

To detect the presence of progesterone

Question 4

Which of the following is a potential application of monoclonal antibodies in cancer treatment?

Accepted Answer

Targeted immunotherapy

Answer

Chemotherapy

Answer

Surgery

Answer

Radiation therapy

Question 5

What is the purpose of hybridoma technology in the production of monoclonal antibodies?

Accepted Answer

To ensure the production of identical antibodies

Answer

To increase the production yield of antibodies

Answer

To make antibodies resistant to degradation

Answer

To create antibodies with different functions

Question 6

Which of the following is a use of monoclonal antibodies in disease diagnosis?

Accepted Answer

Detection of specific pathogens or proteins

Answer

Correction of genetic mutations

Answer

Surgical removal of tumors

Answer

Administration of vaccines

Question 7

What is an advantage of using monoclonal antibodies in therapy compared to traditional drugs?

Accepted Answer

High specificity and low side effects

Answer

Longer shelf life and stability

Answer

Greater availability and accessibility

Answer

Low cost and easy production

Question 8

What is the role of mRNA in protein synthesis?

Accepted Answer

Carries the genetic code from DNA to the ribosomes

Answer

Synthesizes amino acids

Answer

Converts protein into energy

Answer

Helps in DNA replication

Question 9

Which organelle is responsible for protein synthesis?

Accepted Answer

Ribosomes

Answer

Nucleus

Answer

Golgi apparatus

Answer

Mitochondria

Question 10

What is the function of tRNA in protein synthesis?

Accepted Answer

Carries amino acids to the ribosomes

Answer

Forms peptide bonds between amino acids

Answer

Creates a template for DNA replication

Answer

Stores genetic information

Question 11

Which process in protein synthesis involves the joining of amino acids?

Accepted Answer

Translation

Answer

Replication

Answer

Transcription

Answer

Mutation

Question 12

What is the first step in protein synthesis?

Accepted Answer

Transcription

Answer

Replication

Answer

Translation

Answer

Mutation

Question 13

Why can mutations disrupt protein function?

Accepted Answer

They can alter the amino acid sequence

Answer

They increase genetic diversity within a population

Answer

They enhance an organism's reproductive success

Answer

They improve an organism's adaptability

Question 14

How can mutations in a protein-coding gene result in harmful effects?

Accepted Answer

By producing a non-functional protein

Answer

By improving the efficiency of protein synthesis

Answer

By enhancing the stability of the protein

Answer

By increasing the expression of the gene

Question 15

How can mutations in non-coding parts of a gene be harmful?

Accepted Answer

By affecting the regulation of gene expression

Answer

By increasing the stability of the protein

Answer

By reducing the chances of genetic variation

Answer

By changing the amino acid sequence of the protein

Question 16

Which of the following is NOT a possible mutation in non-coding parts of a gene?

Accepted Answer

Changing the amino acid sequence of the protein

Answer

Inserting or deleting nucleotides

Answer

Altering a promoter region

Answer

Disrupting an enhancer region

Question 17

What is the role of non-coding parts of a gene?

Accepted Answer

Regulate gene expression

Answer

Store genetic information

Answer

Determine the protein's function

Answer

Encode the amino acid sequence

Question 18

What is an indicator species?

Accepted Answer

A species that provides information about the health of an ecosystem

Answer

A species that is invasive and destructive

Answer

A species that is commonly found in many ecosystems

Answer

A species that is rare and endangered

Question 19

Why are lichens often used as indicator species?

Accepted Answer

Because they are highly sensitive to air pollution

Answer

Because they are resistant to human activities

Answer

Because they are carnivorous and feed on insects

Answer

Because they are large and easily observable

Question 20

Why are algae often used as indicator organisms in aquatic ecosystems?

Accepted Answer

Because they respond quickly to changes in nutrient levels

Answer

Because they have a long lifespan

Answer

Because they are not affected by pollution

Answer

Because they are resistant to changes in nutrient levels

Question 21

Which process removes carbon dioxide from the atmosphere?

Accepted Answer

Photosynthesis

Answer

Decomposition

Answer

Combustion

Answer

Respiration

Question 22

During which process is carbon dioxide released into the atmosphere?

Accepted Answer

Respiration

Answer

Decomposition

Answer

Photosynthesis

Answer

Combustion

Question 23

Which process in the nitrogen cycle converts nitrogen gas into ammonia?

Accepted Answer

Nitrogen fixation

Answer

Denitrification

Answer

Ammonification

Answer

Nitrification

Question 24

Which process in the nitrogen cycle converts nitrites into nitrates?

Accepted Answer

Nitrification

Answer

Denitrification

Answer

Ammonification

Answer

Nitrogen fixation

Question 25

Which process in the nitrogen cycle converts organic nitrogen compounds into ammonia?

Accepted Answer

Ammonification

Answer

Denitrification

Answer

Nitrification

Answer

Nitrogen fixation

Question 26

Which process in the nitrogen cycle converts nitrates back into nitrogen gas?

Accepted Answer

Denitrification

Answer

Nitrogen fixation

Answer

Ammonification

Answer

Nitrification

Question 27

Which process in the nitrogen cycle converts ammonia into nitrites?

Accepted Answer

Nitrification

Answer

Nitrogen fixation

Answer

Ammonification

Answer

Denitrification

Question 28

What is the main source of nitrogen for the nitrogen cycle?

Accepted Answer

Atmospheric nitrogen

Answer

Oceanic nitrogen

Answer

Terrestrial nitrogen

Answer

Volcanic nitrogen

Question 29

What is the role of plants in the nitrogen cycle?

Accepted Answer

Uptake of nitrates

Answer

Release of nitrites

Answer

Production of ammonia

Answer

Conversion of nitrogen gas

Question 30

What is the role of bacteria in the nitrogen cycle?

Accepted Answer

Converting nitrogen into various forms

Answer

Digestion

Answer

Respiration

Answer

Photosynthesis

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