Question 1

1. Which observation provides the strongest evidence supporting the RNA World Hypothesis?

Accepted Answer

RNA can both store genetic information and catalyze reactions

Answer

DNA polymerase synthesizes DNA

Answer

Lipids form membranes spontaneously

Answer

Ribosomes are made only of proteins

Question 2

2. The peptidyl transferase activity of the ribosome is primarily due to

Accepted Answer

rRNA catalytic function

Answer

mRNA cap structure

Answer

tRNA anticodon loop

Answer

Ribosomal proteins

Question 3

3. . In eukaryotes, transcription initiation requires

Accepted Answer

General transcription factors assembling at promoter regions

Answer

Only RNA polymerase II binding directly to DNA

Answer

Coupling with ribosomes immediately

Answer

Absence of chromatin

Question 4

4. Which RNA is most directly involved in guiding chemical modifications of rRNA?

Accepted Answer

snoRNA

Answer

snRNA

Answer

miRNA

Answer

lncRNA

Question 5

5. The functional consequence of A-to-I editing in mRNA is that

Accepted Answer

Inosine is interpreted as guanosine by ribosomes

Answer

mRNA becomes unstable always

Answer

Translation stops immediately

Answer

Inosine is read as cytosine during translation

Question 6

6. APOB mRNA editing is a classic example of

Accepted Answer

Cytidine-to-uridine substitution editing

Answer

RNA degradation via exosome

Answer

Alternative splicing

Answer

RNA methylation

Question 7

7. Nonstop-Mediated Decay (NSD) occurs when

Accepted Answer

mRNA lacks a stop codon and ribosome stalls

Answer

mRNA is rich in AU elements

Answer

mRNA contains premature stop codon

Answer

RNA is edited by ADAR

Question 8

8. The spliceosome is composed mainly of

Accepted Answer

snRNAs and associated proteins (snRNPs)

Answer

DNA repair enzymes

Answer

Only proteins

Answer

miRNAs and ribosomes

Question 9

9. X-chromosome inactivation in mammals is regulated by

Accepted Answer

lncRNA such as XIST coating the chromosome

Answer

tRNA anticodon mutation

Answer

rRNA degradation

Answer

siRNA binding to ribosomes

Question 10

10 m6A modification in RNA is best described as

Accepted Answer

An epitranscriptomic modification influencing RNA stability and translation

Answer

A ribosomal protein phosphorylation

Answer

A mutation in RNA sequence

Answer

A DNA epigenetic mark

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