Which kingdom contains organisms that have cell walls of chitin and cannot photosynthesize?

Monarch butterflies are a type of Milkweed butterfly that belongs to the family Nymphalidae. Many butterflies, including monarchs, eat plants that have bitter or poisonous juices, which make them taste bad to their predators. The organisms advertise their bad taste with their bright colored wings, something known as "warning coloration." Based on this information, how has adaptation allowed monarch butterflies to be successful?

Which statement does NOT accurately describe natural selection?

In the 1950's, Stanley Miller and Harold Urey designed experiments that tested Alexander Oparin's and J.B.S. Haldane's hypothesis that conditions on the primitive Earth favored chemical reactions that synthesized more complex organic compounds from simpler organic precursors. Miller and Urey used an apparatus that recreated the conditions of what a primitive Earth was thought to consist of at the time. Methane, hydrogen, ammonia, and steam were all included to recreate conditions similar to that of a primitive Earth. Their goal was to create complex organic molecules from the simple organic molecules that were believed to be part of the primitive Earth's makeup. The Miller-Urey experiment was run for a week and the samples collected were analyzed. Analysis showed that some of the carbon in the apparatus was converted to amino acid molecules. In later experiments, similar to Miller and Urey's, it has been shown that it is possible to form all 20 amino acids commonly found in organisms. Along with nucleic acids, other molecules were detected in samples. Some of these were sugars, lipids, adenine, and even ATP in certain conditions. According to the passage, the experiment showed

In 2010, scientists excavated a skull fossil that provides evidence of a newly discovered species of big cat. Based on the evidence, scientists hypothesize that big cats branched off from smaller wild cats about 6 million years ago. Which of these resources did the scientists most likely rely on to form their hypothesis?

Adaptations that result from natural selection are expected to increase the fitness of an organism. In terms of natural selection, which of the following best describes fitness?