Roman army of 3,000-6,000 men

foot soldiers

soldiers on horseback

could be sold, killed, treated however the husband wanted

not race-based, were criminals, captives of war

ruled during a crisis for 6 months

the common people of ancient Rome

The land-owning noblemen in Ancient Rome

A form of government in which citizens choose their leaders by voting

number of people in the Roman Senate

law makers, judges, served for life

Two officials from the patrician class were appointed each year by the Senate

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The Plebeians struggle to gain some rights in 494 B.C. (they camped on the hill)

10 Roman officials elected annually, who come from Plebeian class, protected pleb rights. They had special protection against attack from opponents.

dictator who limited plebeian power

100-44 B.C. Roman general who became the republic's dictator in 45 B.C. but was assassinated in 44 B.C. by members of the Senate

friendly at first, loved the arts, killed many including his mom, sang during the Great Fire, committed suicide

established the Roman Empire and became emperor in 27 BC; built aqueducts and roads

2nd good emperor and general, expanded empire east to reach it's largest size, helped poor children, educated orphans, assisted poor farmers

"Romanized"and organized the empire- built bridges, roads, and aqueducts, Built Hadrians Wall across Britain to secure the border, built the Pantheon

son of Marcus Aurelius, fought in gladiator games, loved killing animals, ordered undesirables to fight to the death

Roman emperor who divided the empire into a West and an East section; persecuted Christians (crucifixions, fed to lions)

first Christian emperor; moved capital to Byzantium which was the beginning of the fall of the Western Roman Empire

Wars fought between Rome and Carthage over control of Sicily

primarily a naval war; Rome wins by converting naval warfare into mini-land battles by hooking enemy ships and boarding with soldiers

218 B.C. - 202 B.C., Hannibal decides to attack Rome, Sneaks through Gaul with 60,000 troops and 60 Elephants, Wreaks havoc in Rome for 15 years, Roman general named Scipio attacked Carthage making Hannibal come back to Carthage

Roman veterans sought revenge from destruction of second war; Rome wins, carthage totally destroyed, sold population to slavery, salted fields, burned city

general who commanded the Carthaginian army in the second Punic War; commits suicide after being defeated in the Second Punic War

let by Scipio the Romans defeated the Carthaginian army; Hannibal got there to late to stop it

civil laws developed by the Roman Republic following demands by plebeians.

If you are called to court you must go

A person has 30 days to pay a debt or they are sold into slavery to pay it

a child can be sold into slavery by his/her father; a child with a deformity can be put to death

If you go insane your nearest male relative takes your property

women cannot cry at funerals

you must repair roads around your property

there is no penalty for killing a thief in your home provided you can prove he was a thief

you are put to death for taking bribes

a patrician cannot marry a plebeian

trained fighters, usually slaves, who fought in arenas as entertainment

used for Gladiator fights, housed 50,000 people, the first and largest amphitheater to be built in Rome

Roman Emperor who killed many, tried to make his horse a Consul, and had his army attack Neptune (God of the Sea)

the volcano Mt. Vesuvius destroyed this Roman city

he wrote the only surviving first hand account of the eruption of Mt. Vesuvius