Progressive changes in size, shape, and function during the life of an organism

The study of the process by which animals and plants grow and develop

Plant Growth (In order)

Animal Growth (In order) 

-  a hollow ball of cells

- three germ layer form

- differentiate into more-specialized cells

- continues until birth

- formation of organs from three germ layers

- organ and tissue formation via cell division

Three (3) germ layers

- muscle

- skeleton

- kidneys

- Reproductive system

- Nervous system

- skin

- Endocrine glands 

- Lungs

- Digestive tract

- Liver

A single sperm cell combining with single egg cell to form zygote

Fertilized Egg

begins a series of rapid cell divisions

the single-celled zygote divides into smaller and smaller cells called 

a fluid-filled or yolk-filled cavity

After the cleavage has produced over 100 blastomeres, the embryo is called

Union of male gamete and female gamete 

unborn offspring that is under development 

consists of an embryo, endosperm, and seed coat

have only one seed leaf inside the seed coat 

ex. corn

Protects the seed

Protection from harsh environment

protection from dehydration

Stores reserve food

Store food for the growing embryo

part of a seed that contains the earliest forms of plant's roots, stem, and leaves

Develops into the shoot

pushes the radicle deeper in the soil to form the roots

allows the embryonic shoot to break through the soil 

Develop into root to absorb water from the soil

have two seed leaves inside the seed coat

ex. string bean

absorbs water to break dormancy

process by which different plant species grow from a single seed into a plant

seed needs these 3 factors

first leaves to emerge (thick and fleshy, contain nutrients to sustain the seedling)

Embryonic root

Embryonic shoot 

Consists of stem and leaves

Containing both primary and lateral roots

develops first true leaves and root system

Vegetative structures

- mainly carries out photosynthesis

- start when the root system enough to support plant growth

thickens and becomes sturdy

more extensive and complex having a root hairs

nodules

mycorrhizae

-  flowering and fruit stage

- ovary of the flower becomes the fruit that protects the seed

Responsible for producing the pollen and ovules (seeds) 

directs plant energy toward producing flowers, fruits, pollen, and seeds

Vital for production

- plants decline and death

- plant life cycle is complete