biological process through which living organisms produce offspring's similar to them

> single cell or organism produce new organism

> without the fusion of gametes 

> genetically the same with the parent

> fusion of gametes

> genetically different from the parent

> bending plant branches or stems 

the transfer of pollen grain from an anther to a stigma. 

> wind or animal-aided

> one sperm fuses with the central or polar nuclei (forming endosperm) and;

> one sperm fertilizes the egg (forming zygote) 

> happens inside the ovary

> when the nucleus of pollen grain fuses with the nucleus of an ovule to produce zygote

ovary matures into fruit

ovule matures into _________

> involves pieces of stems cut from parent tree, and reproducing them as offspring

> a desired cutting is attached to the stem

> the act of placing a portion of one to another branch; a union will be formed

produce seeds without fertilization

asexual method of plant that occurs in its leaves, roots, and stem

Stems covered with leaves that can produce new plants

MODIFIED ROOTS

> enlarged structure used as storage organs for nutrients

> can produce new plants

mini plants that grows on the main plant and then fall and grow in to new plants

MODIFIED STEMS

> thicker stems that stores food 

> produce buds which grow into new stems

horizontal stem that grows under the soil

horizontal stems that grows all over the soil surface

>aboveground vegetative portions (stems and leaves)

> reproductive parts (fruits and flowers) 

includes roots and supports the plant and is usually underground

> made up of four (4) whorls

> reproductive structure in flowering plants

whorled arrangement of leaves, sepals, petals, stamens, or carpels

> (calyx)

> outermost whorls of flower

> (corolla) 

> whorl inner to sepals

> brightly colored

male reproductive structure

> (carpel) 

> female reproductive structure 

structure that produces megaspore=> female gametophyte=> egg cells

> part of pistil where the pollen grain derived  from the microsporangium

part of the pistil that serves as the stalk of the stigma; leads to ovary

> found at the base of the pistil

> contains one or more ovule

> becomes fruit

> contains the female sporangia

> becomes the seed

structure that produce microspore=> male gametophyte=> sperm cells 

part of the stamen that contains the microsporangia that develops into pollen grains

serve as the stalk of the Anther