Question 1

adenine

Accepted Answer

one of four nucleotide bases; bonds with thymine.

Question 2

allele

Accepted Answer

genes located at corresponding loci on homologous chromosomes.

Question 3

amino acid

Accepted Answer

the building blocks used to make proteins.

Question 4

anaphase

Accepted Answer

the third stage of mitosis, during which the chromatids part at the centromere; one set of chromosomes moves toward a pole, and an identical set of chromosomes moves toward the other pole.

Question 5

cell

Accepted Answer

the most basic unit of life.

Question 6

cellulose

Accepted Answer

a polysaccharide, or complex sugar molecule, applied to cell walls for strength and rigidity.

Question 7

cell wall

Accepted Answer

the covering made of multiple layers of cellulose located on the outside of a cell's plasma membrane; it provides strength.

Question 8

chloroplast

Accepted Answer

organelles that contain green pigments called chlorophyll which trap light energy for photosynthesis.

Question 9

chromatid

Accepted Answer

each half of a duplicated chromosome.

Question 10

chromatin

Accepted Answer

a complex of deoxyribonucleic acid, or DNA, molecules (35 percent), RNA (5 percent), and protein (60 percent).

Question 11

chromosome

Accepted Answer

structures made of chromatin in which genetic material is organized.

Question 12

clone

Accepted Answer

offspring that are the genetic duplicates of the parent.

Question 13

codon

Accepted Answer

sets of three consecutive bases; each codon specifiesone type of amino acid.

Question 14

crossing over

Accepted Answer

the exchange of genetic material between homologous chromatids.

Question 15

cytokinesis

Accepted Answer

the process by which the cytoplasm of a cell divides, providing each new cell with the essential organelles.

Question 16

cytoplasm

Accepted Answer

the living material of a cell located within the plasma membrane.

Question 17

cytosine

Accepted Answer

one of four nucleotide bases; bonds with guanine.

Question 18

deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA)

Accepted Answer

the extremely long, linear macromolecule made up of components called nucleotides responsible for inheritance.

Question 19

dihybrid cross

Accepted Answer

a cross involving two pairs of alleles at two loci.

Question 20

diploid

Accepted Answer

a cell that contains the normal two sets of two chromosomes.

Question 21

DNA ligase

Accepted Answer

an enzyme used to link the ends of DNA molecule fragments.

Question 22

dominant

Accepted Answer

the gene from one parent that is expressed.

Question 23

endoplasmic reticulum

Accepted Answer

an internal network of membranes extending throughout the cytoplasm that contains many types of enzymes which catalyze different types of chemical reactions.

Question 24

enzyme

Accepted Answer

protein molecules that serve as catalysts to nearly every chemical reaction that takes place in a cell.

Question 25

gamete

Accepted Answer

specialized sex cells; the microspore (sperm) and megaspore (egg).

Question 26

gel electrophoresis

Accepted Answer

a process by which DNA restriction fragments can be sorted using agarose gel and an electric current.

Question 27

gene

Accepted Answer

a segment of a chromosome that serves as a unit of hereditary data which dictate the activity and structure of a cell.

Question 28

gene mapping

Accepted Answer

the process of locating and recording the sites of specific genes within the chromosomes of organisms.

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