Question 1

achene

Accepted Answer

an indehiscent one-sided fruit with seed attached to the pericarp at only one place.

Question 2

aggregate fruit

Accepted Answer

fruit that develops from a single flower having many pistils, with the result being multiple, usually fleshy fruitlets attached to one receptacle.

Question 3

aleurone layer

Accepted Answer

a layer of specialized cells associated with the endosperm in which gibberellins stimulate the production of enzymes during seed germination.

Question 4

amylase

Accepted Answer

an enzyme that converts starches to sugars.

Question 5

berry

Accepted Answer

a simple fruit that has an entirely fleshy ovary.

Question 6

capsule

Accepted Answer

a dehiscent fruit composed of more than one carpel, which are united.

Question 7

caryopsis

Accepted Answer

an indehiscent fruit similar to an achene, but the pericarp sticks or clings to the seed.

Question 8

coleoptile

Accepted Answer

a sheath of cells that protects the shoot of a corn or grass plant as it emerges from the soil.

Question 9

cotyledon

Accepted Answer

a seed leaf that stores food in the form of starch and protein for use by the embryo.

Question 10

dehiscent fruit

Accepted Answer

fruit that splits open at maturity.

Question 11

dicotyledon

Accepted Answer

plant with two cotyledons, flower parts in multiples of four or five, true secondary growth, and vascular bundles arranged in a ring in the stem.

Question 12

dissemination

Accepted Answer

to disperse seeds away from the parent plant.

Question 13

drupe

Accepted Answer

a simple fruit with a fleshy exterior and a single hard, stony pit surrounding the seed.

Question 14

embryo

Accepted Answer

an immature, multicellular plant before it emerges from the seed that has developed from an egg.

Question 15

endosperm

Accepted Answer

food storage tissue in the seed consisting primarily of starches used by the embryo.

Question 16

epicotyl

Accepted Answer

the portion of the embryonic stem above the point at which the stem is attached to the cotyledon(s).

Question 17

follicle

Accepted Answer

a dehiscent fruit that is composed of a single carpel and that splits open along one suture.

Question 18

fruit

Accepted Answer

a mature, ripened ovary.

Question 19

hesperidium

Accepted Answer

a simple fruit that has a leathery rind.

Question 20

hilum

Accepted Answer

a scar at the end or along the side of the seedcoat that marks the point of attachment of the seed to the ovary wall.

Question 21

hypocotyl

Accepted Answer

the portion of the embryonic stem below the point of attachment to the cotyledon(s).

Question 22

indehiscent fruit

Accepted Answer

fruits that do not split open at maturity and are usually one or two seeded.

Question 23

leach

Accepted Answer

to wash excess salts wash from the soil.

Question 24

legume (pod)

Accepted Answer

a dehiscent fruit composed of a single carpel and having two longitudinal sutures.

Question 25

micropyle

Accepted Answer

a tiny opening in the seedcoat sometimes visible near the hilum.

Question 26

monocotyledon

Accepted Answer

plants with one cotyledon, flower parts usually in multiples of three, leaf venation usually parallel, no secondary growth, vascular bundles scattered in the stem.

Question 27

multiple fruit

Accepted Answer

fruit consisting of a number of flowers that fused to form a mass.

Question 28

nut

Accepted Answer

an indehiscent hard, one-seeded fruit.

Question 29

nutlet

Accepted Answer

an indehiscent small version of a nut.

Question 30

osmosis

Accepted Answer

the diffusion of water, through a semipermeable membrane or selectively permeable membrane, from a higher concentration of water to an area of lower concentration of water

Question 31

pepo

Accepted Answer

a simple fruit that is defined by hard rind and a fleshy inner matrix.

Question 32

plumule

Accepted Answer

an embryonic shoot.

Question 33

pome

Accepted Answer

a simple fruit that has a fleshy exterior and a center with papery carpels.

Question 34

protease

Accepted Answer

an enzyme that converts stored proteins into amino acids.

Question 35

pyxis

Accepted Answer

a type of capsule with a lid that falls from dehiscent fruit.

Question 36

radicle

Accepted Answer

an embryonic root.

Question 37

root cap

Accepted Answer

layers of cells that protect the tip of a root.

Question 38

salt

Accepted Answer

a compound in which the hydrogen atom of an acid has been replaced by another cation.

Question 39

samara

Accepted Answer

an indehiscent fruit, usually single seeded, with a membranous wing.

Question 40

scarification

Accepted Answer

a dormancy mechanism that requires the breaking down of the seedcoat.

Question 41

seed

Accepted Answer

a reproductive body formed from an ovule after fertilization and composed of an embryo and nutritive tissue.

Question 42

seed coat

Accepted Answer

a structure that consists of one or more protective layers that encase the seed and protect the contents.

Question 43

seed dormancy

Accepted Answer

failure of some seeds to germinate because of internal factors, even when environmental conditions are favorable.

Question 44

seed germination

Accepted Answer

the beginning of growth from a seed.

Question 45

simple fruit

Accepted Answer

a fruit that develops from a single ovary of a single pistil.

Question 46

soluble salts

Accepted Answer

mineral salts that dissolve in water.

Question 47

stratification

Accepted Answer

the process whereby a seed must go through a period of cold temperatures before it will germinate.

Question 48

suspensor

Accepted Answer

a multicellular structure that is involved in nutrient uptake from the endosperm and that anchors the embryo.

Question 49

turgid

Accepted Answer

the condition in which cells are swollen as a result of internal water pressure.

Question 50

turgor pressure

Accepted Answer

the internal hydrostatic pressure created by water in a cell.

Question 51

uricle

Accepted Answer

an indehiscent fruit similar to an achene, but the ovary wall fits loosely around the seed.

Question 52

viability

Accepted Answer

the ability of seeds to germinate under optimal conditions.

Question 53

vigor

Accepted Answer

the ability of seeds to germinate under different conditions and still produce healthy seedlings.

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