a growth-inhibiting hormone

a specialized layer of cells that extends across a petiole near its attachment to the stem, causing the eventual separation of the leaf.

a proposed mechanism that describes the effect of auxins on cell elongation.

the inhibition of lateral bud growth by the stem apical meristem.

tissue found at the tips of roots and at the ends of stems responsible for the increase of the length of a plant.

a group of compounds that stimulate stem elongation and maintain apical dominance.

the outer layer of the stem of a woody plant that protects the stem from insect and disease attack, excessive heat and cold, and other injuries.

the elongation of stems at the time of flowering.

embryonic buds found in the stem apical meristem.

the change in cells, depending on where they are, to take on specific functions.

an increase in the number of cells through mitosis.

the enlargement of the individual cells.

thick-walled plant cells located under the epidermis of the stem and along leaf veins that provide structual support for the plant while remaining extremely flexible.

cells associated with sieve tube members that play an important role in transporting sugars from photosynthetic parenchyma cells to the sieve tube members for distribution

meristem tissue located in the outer bark region; cells produced there from outer bark

a layer of cells just inside the epidermis of herbaceous dicot plants; composed of parenchyma, collenchyma, and sclerenchyma cells.

hormones responsible for cell division and differentiation; produced in the roots and transported throughout the plant through the stem.

the epidermis, or closely packed cells that provide external covering of leaves, stems, and roots.

a colorless gas produced in the nodes of stems, ripening fruit, and dying leaves that speeds the aging of plant parts, particularly fruit.

stretching of plants grown in low light or darkness.

a specialized type of sclerenchyma cell; this cell is long and is abundant in wood and bark.

hormones produced in stem and root apical meristems, in seed embryos, and in young leaves that induce stem cell elongation and cell division and play a key role in stimulating the development of flowers.

a plant's response to the earth's gravity.

the bulk of the plant, not including dermal or vascular tissues, consisting of parenchyma, collenchyma, and sclerenchyma cells.

chemicals that inhibit the action of gibberellins on stem elongation.

the darker wood at the center of a tree, filled with gums, resins, pigments, and tannins and no longer functional in conducting materials.

naturally occurring chemicals that regulate growth and development of organisms.

(IAA) the primary auxin.

(IBA) a synthetic growth regulator that promotes rooting.

the space between nodes of a stem.

tissue found on the sides of roots and stems where secondary growth occurs, resulting in increased thickness of a woody plant.

embryonic leaves found in the stem apical meristem.

raised spongy areas that can be seen along the stem internodes that allow for an exchange of gases.

a molecule that provides strength and rigidty to a cell.

specialized areas where growth occurs, consisting of unspecialized cells capable of mitosis.

(NAA) a synthetic growth regulator that promotes rooting.

the place where a leaf attaches to the stem.

plant cells in which photosynthesis takes place and that function as storage for starches, oils, water, and salts.

the outer covering of a woody plant, arising from the cork cambium and ranging in thickness from several cells to many cells.

conductive tissue through which food is transported in plants.

the response by a plant to bend toward a light source.

modified parenchyma cells at the center part of a stem that serve as storage facilities.

regions or masses of pith cells that extend into areas between the vascular bundles.

(PGR) hormones and synthetic growth regulators.

continuous lines of parenchyma cells running from the secondary xylem to the secondary phloem; materials move laterally in a stem through rays.

lighter-colored wood circling the heartwood that actively conducts water and dissolved minerals.

a form of sclerenchyma cell that is short and cubical and is found in the shells of nuts and the stones of fruits, such as peaches.

cells found throughout a plant that have hard , thick secondary cell walls that provide support.

a major element of the phloem; sieve tube members are stacked end to end to form sieve tubes.

chemical compounds that regulate growth but are not produced by plants.

modified leaves or stems that provide support for a vine.

a plant's growth in response to a hard object.

long, tapering, dead cells found in the xylem through which water and minerals are conducted.

the movement of materials through vascular tissues.

distinctive growths or hairs generated by the epidermis, the most common type being the root hair.

the growth response to an external stimulus.

a layer of meristem tissue found between the wood and the bark in which the cells, as they divide, become either xylem or phloem.

the conductive vessels of a plant that transport water, minerals, foods, and hormones.

hollow cells found in the xylem, where they conduct water and minerals and provide structual support for the plant.

the free energy of water.

conductive tissue through which water and minerals move upward in a plant.