verbal, situational and dramatic

Say the opposite of what you meant (like sarcasm)

Differences from what seems to be and what actually is reality

The audience is aware of something that the characters in the story are not

How the author views the characters in the story and the subject (using tone)

an object, action or an event that conveys meaning beyond what they literally mean, often used to convey a greater meaning

What is the theme of a fable?

What is the difference between theme and subject?

the way a write arranges and chooses words, the verbal identity of a writer

the author's words used in the story

The order of words in a sentence, whether or not there is figurative language or comparisons

tells the story from a completely impartial perspective to limit what readers can infer from the author's style alone

the narrator is a character who we as readers can hear the thoughts of

the narrator only knows all about one character, major or minor

the place and time of a story

important character central to the story's plot or theme

The main character of a story is the

Whom does the protagonist go against?

The function of this character is to help the major characters.

a character that changes in the course of the story

the narrator only gives a description; readers are left to make the judgment

the arrangement of events that make up the story

A struggle between opposing forces

provides the background information so that the plot can develop in a way we can understand

moment of greatest tension that creates the outcome

after the climax where the rest of the story's problems are solved or sorted out

asses the literary quality how good it is and how it pleases us; then we judge what the story has to say as a whole (its theme)

critical thinking approaches

When the author tells the reader directly about a character.

The central source of tension and drama in the story.

The actual words that characters speak. Authors use dialogue skillfully in the short story to portray character and to dramatize conflict.

The part of the story, following the climax and leading to the resolution, in which there is a sharp decline in dramatic tension.

A writing technique that gives readers clues about events that will happen later in the story.

An exaggerated statement used to make a strong effect.

The overall feeling-light and happy or dark and brooding, for example-created by an author's choice of words.

The part of the story, including exposition includes the tension rises. Rising action builds to its highest point of tension at the story's climax.

Techniques used by the author to keep readers interested in the story and wondering what will happen next.

An image, object, character, or action that stands for an idea (or ideas) beyond its literal meaning.

The clues in a story that suggests the writer's (or narrator's) own attitude towards elements of his or her story.

A figure of speech in which the speaker says less than what he or she actually feels.

What's the most important of all the elements of the short story?

How do you understand the characters?

Authors use many clues to communicate characters to their readers, including: The character's name, The character's physical appearance, How the character is dressed, The character's occupation, what the character's home and surroundings are like, The character's habits and actions, and what other characters say about him or her.

By building their description of settings with realistic details, authors make their story seem more believable-- such as using actual street names when setting a story in a real city, or choosing authentic details to depict a setting set in a foreign country.

By describing settings in images that appeal to the reader's senses, the author creates a vivid atmosphere that readers can associate with settings in their own experience-- such as the smell of bread baking in a farmhouse kitchen, the feel of the swimming in cool lake water, or the sound of rain falling on a tin roof.

How does setting work?

Sometimes authors even create a narrator who gives the reader clues that he or she is not to be trusted as a reliable source of information. Then it becomes the reader's job to decide the "real truth" beneath the unreliable narrator's lies or distortions.

Very clear and easy to find in the story. You don't have to search for it very much, and you can clearly understand what the story's trying to tell you. It's kind of like a moral to a story.

There a little harder to find in a story. It could be a theme that comes to you while reading or it's hidden in between the lines of the book.

A special kind of language authors use to say more than literal statements can.

How does imagery work in a story?

Symbols that have been invested with meaning by a group. Ex. cross and Christianity.

Often devised by an author in his or her own works, or may be abstract and not related to literal meaning.

How to recognize symbols in short stories?

Snow, thunderstorms, ect.

The author has a direct impact on how the reader responds to the story. Different elements can cause readers to experience such varying emotions as pity, fear, horror, or humor. If the author is distant, for example, readers are unlikely to feel as close to the characters as they would if the author was more sympathetic.

Word Choice is an element of style.

The length and complexity of sentences is an element of style.

Punctuation is not an element of style.

Use of imagery and symbols is not an element of style.

Sound and Rhythm can be heard by your hearing in a story.

A book or movie can have more than one theme.

An author can write a book that doesn't have a theme

A book can have a theme that the author didn't mean for it to have.

The S in "slime" stands for subject.

The "L" in slime stands for the life the main characters lives.

The "E" in slime stands for evidence.

Inference is an educated guess based on prior knowledge.

Prior knowledge is everything I currently know, understand or have experienced

An autobiographical story is a message about human life in a fiction piece of writing.

Themes are usually written directly into the text. You must infer!

The length of a theme is no longer than one ore two words.

The length of a topic is one or two sentences.

Every story needs a hook.

What do we call the lesson of the story