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Q 1/133
Score 0
What are the three types of horizontal gene transfer?
30
Mitosis, meiosis, binary fission
Translation, synthesis, phosphorylation
Replication, mutation, transcription
Transformation, transduction, conjugation
Q 2/133
Score 0
What is the process by which bacteria acquire antibiotic resistance genes from other bacteria called?
30
Transformation
Transduction
Replication
Conjugation
133 questions
Q.
What are the three types of horizontal gene transfer?
1
30 sec
Q.
What is the process by which bacteria acquire antibiotic resistance genes from other bacteria called?
2
30 sec
Q.
Which type of horizontal gene transfer involves the transfer of genetic material between bacterial cells through direct cell-to-cell contact?
3
30 sec
Q.
In transduction, the transfer of genetic material between bacteria is mediated by which of the following?
4
30 sec
Q.
Which type of horizontal gene transfer involves the uptake of naked DNA by bacteria from their environment?
5
30 sec
Q.
During the process of transduction, what acts as a carrier for transferring genetic material between bacteria?
6
30 sec
Q.
What is a bacteriophage?
7
30 sec
Q.
How do bacteriophages replicate?
8
30 sec
Q.
What is the structure of a bacteriophage?
9
30 sec
Q.
What process allows a bacteriophage to integrate its DNA into the host bacterium's genome in a lysogenic cycle?
10
30 sec
Q.
What is the main difference between lysogenic bacteriophage and lytic bacteriophage?
11
30 sec
Q.
What is the term for a bacteriophage that has integrated its genetic material into the host bacterium's chromosome and is replicating along with the host cell?
12
30 sec
Q.
In generalized transduction, what type of bacterial DNA is randomly packaged into the bacteriophage?
13
30 sec
Q.
Which of the following statements is true regarding generalized transduction?
14
30 sec
Q.
What is the term used to describe the process of a bacteriophage injecting its genetic material into a bacterial cell during generalized transduction?
15
30 sec
Q.
What is the difference between generalized transduction and specialized transduction?
16
30 sec
Q.
Which type of bacteriophage can remain dormant in the host bacterium's chromosome until triggered to enter the lytic cycle?
17
30 sec
Q.
Which type of bacteriophage results in the death and lysis of the host bacterium upon reproduction?
18
30 sec
Q.
Which type of bacteriophage has the potential to establish a stable relationship with the host bacterium through lysogeny?
19
30 sec
Q.
What is a characteristic of lysogenic bacteriophages not shared by lytic bacteriophages?
20
30 sec
Q.
What is the protein that binds to the operator in an operon to prevent transcription?
21
30 sec
Q.
What is the main function of a repressor protein in gene regulation?
22
30 sec
Q.
What is the specific DNA sequence to which a repressor protein binds in order to inhibit gene transcription?
23
30 sec
Q.
Which of the following best describes the function of a repressor protein in the lac operon system?
24
30 sec
Q.
Which type of genes are continuously expressed at a relatively constant level in all cell types regardless of their function?
25
30 sec
Q.
Which type of genes are constitutively expressed and maintain basic cellular functions in all cell types?
26
30 sec
Q.
Which of the following factors regulates gene expression by binding to specific DNA sequences near a gene's promoter region?
27
30 sec
Q.
Which type of gene is typically turned off unless needed and is activated to produce a specific protein?
28
30 sec
Q.
Which type of gene is usually turned on but can be inhibited from producing a specific protein?
29
30 sec
Q.
Which type of gene is typically active and produces a specific protein but can be turned off in the presence of a repressor molecule?
30
30 sec
Q.
In the context of gene regulation, what is a signal factor?
31
30 sec
Q.
What is the function of a transcription factor in gene expression?
32
30 sec
Q.
How does a repressor protein affect gene expression?
33
30 sec
Q.
A repressor protein needs a _________ in order to be activated.
34
30 sec
Q.
A promoter protein needs a _________ in order to be activated.
35
30 sec
Q.
Are constitutive genes the same as housekeeping genes?
36
30 sec
Q.
Which type of genes are continuously expressed in all cells?
37
30 sec
Q.
Which of the following best describes the untranslated region (UTR) of a gene?
38
30 sec
Q.
Which region of a mRNA molecule is typically the untranslated region (UTR)?
39
30 sec
Q.
Where are activator regions typically located in an operon?
40
30 sec
Q.
What is the main function of activator regions in an operon?
41
30 sec
Q.
How do activator regions differ from repressor regions in an operon?
42
30 sec
Q.
What is the role of an activator protein in an operon containing activator regions?
43
30 sec
Q.
What is an operon in genetics?
44
30 sec
Q.
What is the role of the promoter region in an operon?
45
30 sec
Q.
What is the lac operon in bacteria?
46
30 sec
Q.
What is the trp operon in E. Coli bacteria?
47
30 sec
Q.
What is the purpose of the operator in an operon?
48
30 sec
Q.
What is an inducible operon?
49
30 sec
Q.
What is the function of a corepressor (repressive cofactor) in an operon system?
50
30 sec
Q.
What is a regulon?
51
30 sec
Q.
Which term refers to a series of genes when expressed releases one signal that stimulates the operation of multiple other genes?
52
30 sec
Q.
What is a lac operon?
53
30 sec
Q.
What is the role of the lac operon in response to glucose levels?
54
30 sec
Q.
What happens to the lac operon when lactose is present in the environment?
55
30 sec
Q.
What is the function of the lac operon promoter?
56
30 sec
Q.
What is the operator in a lac operon?
57
30 sec
Q.
TRUE OR FALSE: The lac operon is always active and needs a repressor protein to deactivate the operon.
58
30 sec
Q.
Where does the repressor protein exist in an operon? At the operator region
59
30 sec
Q.
Where does the RNA polymerase bind to the operon?
60
30 sec
Q.
In the lac operon series of genes, the presence of what molecule stops the repressor protein from being bound to the operator region?
61
30 sec
Q.
Which of the following is an example of a repressible operon?
62
30 sec
Q.
In the lac operon, what is the function of the lac repressor?
63
30 sec
Q.
Which of the following is an example of an inducible operon?
64
30 sec
Q.
In an inducible operon, gene expression is typically turned on by which of the following?
65
30 sec
Q.
In a repressible operon, gene expression is usually inhibited by which of the following?
66
30 sec
Q.
In the inducible operon and the repressible operon, what is considered similar in both?
67
30 sec
Q.
In bacteria, the 5' cap does not exist. What is the name of the cap used for bacteria in place of the 5' cap?
68
30 sec
Q.
Watch the following video and then answer the following questions: https://youtu.be/-4Jr84qyKPo?si=WX-hlmebSYlNDCZJ&t=28
69
30 sec
Q.
In the lac operon, what is the name of the protein that acts as a repressor to the operon?
70
30 sec
Q.
What is the function of the lacZ gene in the lac operon?
71
30 sec
Q.
What is the inducer molecule for the lac operon?
72
30 sec
Q.
What is the function of the lacA gene in the lac operon?
73
30 sec
Q.
What is the role of the lacY gene in the lac operon?
74
30 sec
Q.
What is the operator region in the lac operon?
75
30 sec
Q.
What is the function of the lac operon terminator region?
76
30 sec
Q.
What is the function of the lac operon promoter region?
77
30 sec
Q.
What happens to the lac operon when lactose is present and glucose is scarce in the environment?
78
30 sec
Q.
Which gene in the lac operon encodes for permease, an enzyme that helps transport lactose into the bacterial cell?
79
30 sec
Q.
Which gene in the lac operon encodes for beta-galactosidase, an enzyme that breaks down lactose into glucose and galactose?
80
30 sec
Q.
Which gene in the lac operon encodes for the lac repressor protein, which binds to the operator sequence and inhibits transcription of the lac operon?
81
30 sec
Q.
Which gene in the lac operon encodes for transacetylase, an enzyme that acetylates certain molecules including lactose?
82
30 sec
Q.
Which gene in the lac operon encodes for an enzyme that is responsible for regulating the expression of the lac operon based on the availability of lactose?
83
30 sec
Q.
Which gene in the lac operon encodes for beta-galactosidase, the enzyme responsible for breaking down lactose into glucose and galactose?
84
30 sec
Q.
Which gene in the lac operon encodes for the permease protein that facilitates the entry of lactose into the cell?
85
30 sec
Q.
Which enzyme in the lac operon is responsible for breaking down lactose into glucose and galactose?
86
30 sec
Q.
Which gene in the lac operon codes for the enzyme responsible for acetylating galactosides?
87
30 sec
Q.
Which gene in the lac operon encodes for a permease that facilitates the entry of lactose into the cell?
88
30 sec
Q.
Which enzyme in the lac operon is responsible for converting lactose into allolactose, an inducer of the lac operon?
89
30 sec
Q.
What does 16s rRNA stand for?
90
30 sec
Q.
Which type of organism typically contains 16S rRNA?
91
30 sec
Q.
How many base pairs are typically present in a 16S rRNA gene sequence?
92
30 sec
Q.
Which part of the ribosome does the 16S rRNA molecule specifically form a part of?
93
30 sec
Q.
What sequence causes the 16S rRNA to know where to bind?
94
30 sec
Q.
What is the function of the Shine-Dalgarno sequence in bacterial mRNA?
95
30 sec
Q.
Which nucleotide sequence is the consensus Shine-Dalgarno sequence in bacterial mRNA?
96
30 sec
Q.
What is the role of CRISPR RNA in the CRISPR-Cas system?
97
30 sec
Q.
What type of RNA is used by CRISPR-Cas systems as a guide for the Cas protein?
98
30 sec
Q.
How does CRISPR RNA recognize the target DNA sequence in the CRISPR-Cas system?
99
30 sec
Q.
What is the function of Cas9 in the CRISPR-Cas system?
100
30 sec
Q.
Which enzyme is responsible for cutting the target DNA in the CRISPR-Cas system?
101
30 sec
Q.
What is Cas9 an enzyme derived from?
102
30 sec
Q.
How does Cas9 recognize the target DNA sequence in the CRISPR-Cas system?
103
30 sec
Q.
What is the full form of CRISPR?
104
30 sec
Q.
Which of the following is another name for crispr rna (crRNA)?
105
30 sec
Q.
What is the main function of 23S RNA?
106
30 sec
Q.
What is the function of 23S RNA in the ribosome?
107
30 sec
Q.
What is one major difference between archaea DNA and bacteria DNA?
108
30 sec
Q.
How do archaea and bacteria differ in terms of their ribosomal RNA (rRNA) sequences?
109
30 sec
Q.
Which of the following statements is true regarding the cell wall of archaea compared to bacteria?
110
30 sec
Q.
What is a common method of vertical gene transfer in sexually reproducing organisms?
111
30 sec
Q.
There are three types of domains that proteins use to bind DNA. These protein domains are considered to be regulatory for proteins. Which of the following is not one of the three regulatory protein domains?
112
30 sec
Q.
What is the purpose of the three DNA binding domains?
113
30 sec
Q.
When it is said that the DNA is bound by a protein, where on the DNA specifically is being talked about that is being bound?
114
30 sec
Q.
What type of domain does the lac or trp repressors bind to?
115
30 sec
Q.
Which of the following is considered a Leucine with a zipper?
116
30 sec
Q.
Which of the three protein binding domains is the only one that is least found in eukaryotes?
117
30 sec
Q.
Which of the three domains does the lac repressor protein bind to? Helix turn helix
118
30 sec
Q.
Which is an example of an inducible lac operon in bacteria?
119
30 sec
Q.
In the lac operon, what molecule is the inducer?
120
30 sec
Q.
What is the function of the lacZ gene in the lac operon?
121
30 sec
Q.
Where does the allolactose derive in the lac operon?
122
30 sec
Q.
Which enzyme is responsible for the metabolism of lactose into allolactose for the lac operon repressor?
123
30 sec
Q.
Which enzyme is responsible for the metabolism of lactose into allolactose for the lac operon repressor?
124
30 sec
Q.
What is the difference between a corepressor and an inducer?
125
30 sec
Q.
What is the function of the lactose permease (LacY gene)?
126
30 sec
Q.
What is the function of the lactose acetylase (LacA gene)?
127
30 sec
Q.
What is the purpose of the lactose acetylation in bacteria?
128
30 sec
Q.
What is the difference between lacZ and LacA?
129
30 sec
Q.
Which protein is responsible for acetylating the lactose so it can cross the bacterial membrane?
130
30 sec
Q.
Which protein is involved in making the proteins that transport the lactose to be broken down?
131
30 sec
Q.
Which enzyme is responsible for breaking down the lactose into allolactose?
132
30 sec
Q.
What is the function of the CAP (catabolite activator protein) in the lac operon system?
