In the late 1960s, inspired in part by the sight of laundry hanging on a clothesline, African American abstract painter Sam Gilliam began to create his iconic “Drape” paintings. He applied bold, saturated hues to large canvases and ______ them from ceilings or walls, causing the drooping fabric to cascade in dramatic loops and curves.

[1] Which choice completes the text so that it conforms to the conventions of Standard English?

To serve local families during the Great Depression, innovative New York City librarian Pura Belpré offered storytelling in both English and Spanish, an uncommon _____ celebrated el Día de los Tres Reyes Magos, an important community holiday; and put on puppet shows dramatizing Puerto Rican folktales.

[2] Which choice completes the text so that it conforms to the conventions of Standard English?

Museo Casa Canales, a history museum in Jayuya, Puerto Rico, is one of more than eighty museums in the US territory. These museums present a wide range of information about Puerto Rico, showcasing everything from the territory’s history to _____ architecture to its coffee.

[3] Which choice completes the text so that it conforms to the conventions of Standard English?

As behavioral economists, Ai Hisano, a senior lecturer at Kyoto _____ professor at Georgetown University; and Iris Bohnet, a professor at Harvard University, apply insights from psychology to the study of economic issues.

[4] Which choice completes the text so that it conforms to the conventions of Standard English?

Specializing in environmental policy, Jordan Alvarez is currently teaching at a college in Arizona. He primarily focuses on urban water conservation, particularly in regions facing drought, and ------to studies on renewable energy systems.

[5] Which choice completes the text so that it conforms to the conventions of Standard English?

A cognitive science lab examined how short summaries can shape people's interpretation of images. Participants viewed a complex picture made up of dozens of overlapping shapes, read a brief description of it, and then identified the most noticeable object. When the description accurately highlighted that object, participants reported feeling more confident and ------quicker response times.

[6] Which choice completes the text so that it conforms to the conventions of Standard English?

Dr. Marcus Thorne, director of the Urban Planning Institute in Chicago, helped develop the institute's first digital mapping tool, -------UrbanData, in 2014; and a quarterly policy journal in 2016.

[7] Which choice completes the text so that it conforms to the conventions of Standard English?

As the Secretary of the Smithsonian Institution, Lonnie Bunch has many responsibilities. These include curating the organization's exhibits, which display more than 150 million---------the National Zoo, which cares for thousands of animals and conducts conservation research; and overseeing the institution's numerous research centers.

[8] Which choice completes the text so that it conforms to the conventions of Standard English?

Oglala Lakota poet Layli Long Soldier’s star quilt poems offer an unusually open-ended reading experience. With ______ eight panels of text stitched together in the shape of a traditional eight-pointed Lakota star quilt, the poems present viewers with a seemingly infinite number of ways to read them.

[9] Which choice completes the text so that it conforms to the conventions of Standard English?

Photographer Ansel Adams’s landscape portraits are iconic pieces of American art. However, many of the ______ of landscapes were intended not as art but as marketing; a concessions company at Yosemite National Park had hired Adams to take pictures of the park for restaurant menus and brochures.

[10] Which choice completes the text so that it conforms to the conventions of Standard English?

In 1930, Japanese American artist Chiura Obata depicted the natural beauty of Yosemite National Park in two memorable woodcuts: Evening at Carl Inn and Lake Basin in the High Sierra. In 2019, ______ exhibited alongside 150 of Obata’s other works in a single-artist show at the Smithsonian American Art Museum.

[11] Which choice completes the text so that it conforms to the conventions of Standard English?

When they were first discovered in Australia in 1798, duck-billed, beaver-tailed platypuses so defied categorization that one scientist assigned them the name Ornithorhynchus paradoxus: “paradoxical bird-snout.” The animal, which lays eggs but also nurses ______ young with milk, has since been classified as belonging to the monotremes group.

[12] Which choice completes the text so that it conforms to the conventions of Standard English?

To illustrate Albert Einstein’s special theory of relativity, picture two jugglers: one juggling on a steadily moving parade float, the other juggling while standing still on a sidewalk. The laws of physics are identical for both ______ motion relative to each other. But what, Einstein wondered, about the speed of light?

[13] Which choice completes the text so that it conforms to the conventions of Standard English?

Cheng Dang and her colleagues at the University of Washington recently ran simulations to determine the extent to which individual snow ______ affect the amount of light reflecting off a snowy surface.

[14] Which choice completes the text so that it conforms to the conventions of Standard English?

American poet Emily Dickinson wrote many of her poems on scraps of paper, but she also took steps to collect these works. From 1858 to around 1864, for example, she copied more than 800 of ______ into forty homemade booklets (known as fascicles).

[15] Which choice completes the text so that it conforms to the conventions of Standard English?

The violins handmade in the seventeenth century by Italian craftsman Antonio Stradivari have been celebrated as some of the finest in the world. In close collaboration with musicians, Stradivari introduced changes to the shape of a traditional violin, flattening some of the instrument’s curves and making ______ lighter overall.

[16] Which choice completes the text so that it conforms to the conventions of Standard English?

Inventor John Friedman created a prototype of the first flexible straw by inserting a screw into a paper straw and, using dental floss, binding the straw tightly around the ______ When the floss and screw were removed, the resulting corrugations in the paper allowed the straw to bend easily over the edge of a glass.

[17] Which choice completes the text so that it conforms to the conventions of Standard English?

Although the epic poem Raghuvamśa dates back to the 4th century, _____ compelling narrative still captivates readers today.

[18] Which choice completes the text so that it conforms to the conventions of Standard English?

Chicken fat reaches its smoke point at around 375 degrees Fahrenheit. At this temperature, the substance cannot absorb any more heat energy. As a result, _____ will begin to combust, emitting smoke.

[19] Which choice completes the text so that it conforms to the conventions of Standard English?

After much debate, _____ finally made a decision: the judges for the 1974 Nobel Prize in Literature would award Eyvind Johnson of Sweden with that year's prize “for a narrative art, far-seeing in lands and ages, in the service of freedom.”

[20] Which choice completes the text so that it conforms to the conventions of Standard English?

The parks of Phoenix, Arizona, seem to be making people happier. In a 2022 study, researchers studying connections between the physical location in which a social media post was created and _____ contents analyzed geotagged social media posts from Phoenix. They found that posts from the city’s parks contained more words associated with happiness than other posts did.

[21] Which choice completes the text so that it conforms to the conventions of Standard English?

Unsupervised machine learning is an approach that computer scientists like Nina Miolane use to engineer artificial intelligence technologies. It involves training computer algorithms to organize unlabeled data sets. Multitask learning is another approach. ______ involves training computer models to perform multiple tasks at the same time.

[22] Which choice completes the text so that it conforms to the conventions of Standard English?

The Corn Palace is a famous attraction located in the city of Mitchell in South Dakota. The building is decorated each year with murals made from corn and other grains and serves as a popular tourist destination. These elaborate displays have earned the Corn Palace----- nickname, "World's Only Corn Palace."

[23] Which choice completes the text so that it conforms to the conventions of Standard English?

With an average summer temperature of 61 degrees Fahrenheit, Moscow is one European _____ many travelers recommend, especially from June to September.

[24] Which choice completes the text so that it conforms to the conventions of Standard English?

American writer Sandra Cisneros's novella The House on Mango Street is a coming-of-age narrative about growing up in a Chicago neighborhood. The book portrays the------and how she eventually left her community to pursue her dreams.

[25] Which choice completes the text so that it conforms to the conventions of Standard English?

Thousands of petroglyphs (images carved into rock surfaces) have been discovered throughout the desert Southwest of the United States, but the meanings behind many of these markings remain uncertain. Some archaeologists suggest that the shapes and lines in the carvings form a symbolic language, while others argue that-------instead used to keep track of seasonal events such as migrations or harvests.

[26] Which choice completes the text so that it conforms to the conventions of Standard English?

A classroom experiment examined whether drivers who used a navigation app during practice sessions remembered the routes later on. When drivers used the app to save the directions, they were able to better recall the routes than routes------did not save using the app.

[27] Which choice completes the text so that it conforms to the conventions of Standard English?

In 1910, American mountaineers Clara Hastings, Daniel Price, and Leo Morton attempted to scale the highest peak in Alaska. Unfortunately, the---effort to descend safely from the mountain.

[28] Which choice completes the text so that it conforms to the conventions of Standard English?

Environmental activists Dolores Huerta and Cesar Chavez worked together in the 1960s to organize farmworkers in California, using boycotts and peaceful demonstrations to demand fair wages and safer working conditions. ------campaigns inspired later labor movements that continued to advocate for workers' rights across the country.

[29] Which choice completes the text so that it conforms to the conventions of Standard English?

The Akhundov National Library in Baku houses many historical newspapers, but it isn’t necessary to travel to Baku to access them. Because these rare items are digitized, people around the world can access _____ regardless of where they live.

[30] Which choice completes the text so that it conforms to the conventions of Standard English?