Based on this passage answer the questions that follow

The power of the [Ottoman] Empire was waning [fading] by 1683 when the second and last attempt was made to conquer Vienna. It failed. Without the conquest of Europe and the acquisition of significant new wealth, the Empire lost momentum and went into a slow decline.  

Several other factors contributed to the [Ottoman] Empire’s decline:  

• Competition from trade from the Americas  

• Competition from cheap products from India and the Far East  

• Development of other trade routes  

• Rising unemployment within the Empire  

• Ottoman Empire became less centralised, and central control weakened  

• Sultans being less severe in maintaining rigorous standards of integrity in the administration of the Empire  

• Sultans becoming less sensitive to public opinion

In which region was the Ottoman Empire located in 1683? 

Edict of 1635 Ordering the Closing of Japan  

• Japanese ships are strictly forbidden to leave for foreign countries.  

• No Japanese is permitted to go abroad. If there is anyone who attempts to do so secretly, he must be executed. The ship so involved must be impounded and its owner arrested, and the matter must be reported to the higher authority.  

• If any Japanese returns from overseas after residing there, he must be put to death. . . .  

• Any informer revealing the whereabouts of the followers of padres (Christians) must be rewarded accordingly. If anyone reveals the whereabouts of a high ranking padre, he must be given one hundred pieces of silver. For those of lower ranks, depending on the deed, the reward must be set accordingly. . . . 

These rules reflect the Japanese policy of  

An economist would find the last document most useful for determining