Which structure does most of eye focusing?

A 55 yo patient comes into the office for a routine eye check-up. Patient notes some vision loss and on tonometry, IOP is increased. Which type of glaucoma do they most likely have?

A Chinese patient comes into the office for a routine eye check-up. Patient has a family history of glaucoma and notes a pressure senstaion in their eyes when in dark rooms. Which type of glaucoma do they most likely have?

A  25 yo patient comes into the office with a family history of glaucoma. Their tracular meshwork is blocked by pigment. Which type of glaucoma do they most likely have?

A 80 yo patient from Scandinavia comes into the office with a whitish dandruff-like material that clogs the trabecular meshwork. Which type of glaucoma do they most likely have?

A 10 yo patient comes to the clinic with a snowflake appearance on eye exam. What other condition does this child have?

Which type of cataract is characterized by yellow-brown discolorations of the lens?

Which type of cataract is characterized by opacity near the posterior aspect of the lens and is associated with steroids and diabetes?

Which type of cataract is characterized by spoke-like opacities of the anterior and posterior lens?

Which type of cataract is characterized by lenticular changes that obscure the view of the posterior segment of the lens?

Which type of vertigo has other neurological signs?

Which type of vertigo may have deafness or tinnitus?

Which of the following is necessary for the Dix-Hallpike maneuver?

A patient presents with a SBP decrease of at least 20 mmHg or a DBP decrease of at least 10 mmHg within 3 min of standing and/or HR increase of 20 bpm

A patient presents with a decrease in HR and BP secondary to something else.

Which of the following are signs of a vasovagal attack?

Dysequilibrium can result from 

Non-specific dizziness is most associated with 

Which of the following is characterized by pain on tragus and erythema?

Which of the following is characterized by thickened, red, immobile, and bulging tympanic membrane?

Which of the following is characterized by possiby tinnitus?

Which of the following is characterized by low frequency hearing loss, possibly tinnitus, associated with hormonal changes, and is the MCC of acquired hearing loss in young adults?

Which of the following is characterized by slow progression of bilateral high to low frequency hearing loss and loss of clarity of speech?

Which of the following is characterized by episodic vertigo, aural fullness, low-pitched tinnitus and unilateral hearing loss?

In Weber's test in pateints with sensorineural hearing loss, which side is louder?

In Rinne test in patients with sensorineural hearing loss, which is louder?

What is the strongest attachment of the vitreous?

Which of the following results from vitreoretinal traction?

What does the Amsler grid show on the epiretinal membrane

Macular hole formation is the result of 

A cherry red spot with surrounding retinal edema is indicative of

An embolus visible with a wedge of retinal edema is indicative of

What is the main treatment for macular edema?

Where is the most common site of temporal bone paralysis?

Which of the following facial nerve paralysis involves the inability to wrinkle the forehead, close eyelids, smile, pucker, and decreased taste to ant 2/3 of tongue?

Which of the following is part of the posterior segment of the eye?

Which of the following is a progressive optic neuropathy that presents with acquired optic nerve atrophy accompanied by loss of retinal ganglion cells and their axons?

Which of the following is normal IOP?

What is the MC type of glaucoma?

In which of the following is the trabecular network blocked due to the fluid buildup changing the angle?

Which of the following dilate the pupil and can cause pupillary dilation that leads to a PACG attack?

Match the diagnostic tools.

A 63-year old woman comes to the emergency department due to a severe, right-sided headache that started 2 hours ago. The pain is centered around the right eyeand is associated with nausea and vomiting. She is also seeing halos around lights.The patient has never had a headache like this before. Medical history is notablefor hypertension and urinary incontinence. Her medications include valsartan andtolterodine, and she has also been taking trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole for thelast 2 days for a urinary tract infection. Family history is notable for migraineheadaches in her mother. The patient does not use tobacco, alcohol, or illicitdrugs. Vital signs are within normal limits. Physical examination shows a red eyewith a nonreactive, dilated pupil. Excessive lacrimation is present. Visual acuity isdecreased. Laboratory results show an erythrocyte sedimentation rate of 35mm/h. Which of the following is the most likely diagnosis?

A 9-month-old girl is brought to the clinic for left eye redness and tearing thatbegan last evening. Temperature is 37 C (98.6 F), pulse is 130/min and respirationsare 30/min. Examination of the left eye shows clear tearing on the eyelashes withconjunctival erythema. The left cornea and globe are larger than the right. Thepatient blinks frequently and turns away when light is shined into the left eye.Extraocular muscle movements are intact and appear nonpainful. The patient hasa port-of-wine stain overlaying the left forehead, eyelids, and cheek. Her othersays the lesion is more erythematous than normal, but there is no tenderness,warmth, or pruritus on examination. Which of the following is the next best step inmanagement of this patient?

A patient has inability to wrinkle the forehead, close the eyelids, smile and pucker, and decreased taste sensation to anterior 2/3rd of the tongue. What type of facial nerve paralysis do they have?

A patient has paralysis with forehead sparing. What type of facial nerve paralysis do they have?

A patient has R side hearing loss with louder on the R in Weber and BC>AC. What type of hearing loss do they have?

A patient has R side hearing loss with louder on the L in Weber and AC>BC. What type of hearing loss do they have?

Which of the following is a conductive hearing loss with positive Weber is louder on the affected side and BC>AC?

Which of the following is a conductive or sensorineural hearing loss with positive Weber is louder on the affected side but then becomes mixed and BC>AC?

Which of the following is a sensorineural hearing loss with positive Weber is louder on the contralateral side and AC>BC?

Which of the following is characterized by tumor compression on cranial nerves that results in neurodeficit and most have high frequency hearing loss with loss of speech discrimination out of proportion to hearing loss as well as tinnitus, imbalance, facial numbness/pain and facial paresis?

Which of the following classes of drugs cause hearing loss?

A 35 yo F presents with R sided hearing loss, no vertigo and no medications. On otoscopic exam there is marked erythema and bulging tympanic membrane. What condition are they suffering from?

A 35 yo F presents with R sided hearing loss, tinnitus, imbalance, facial nerve weakness, and decreased sensation in her face. Otoscopic exam is normal. What condition are they suffering from?

A 35 yo F presents with R sided hearing loss, +Weber on R, BC>AC, low frequency hearing loss, and carhart notch. On otoscopic exam it is normal. What condition are they suffering from?

A 35 yo F presents with R sided hearing loss, no vertigo, no tinnitus and and hearing loss started after she took a new medication. Normal otoscopic exam, +Weber on L, +Rinne on R with AC>BC. What condition are they suffering from?

A 65 yo M presents with bilateral hearing loss, finger rub shows decreased hearing bilaterally, weber stays midline, Rinne bilaterally AC>BC, high frequency hearing loss, decreased speech discrimination. Otoscopic exam is normal. What condition are they suffering from?

A 55 yo M presents with R sided hearing loss, +Weber on L, +Rinne on R with AC>BC, positive Dix-Hallpike, low frequency hearing loss, and normal otoscopic exam. What condition are they suffering from?

Which of the following is a risk factor for glaucoma?

A patient presents with upper and lower facial paralysis, drooling, hyperacusis, and loss of taste to the anterior 2/3 of the tongue. What condition do they have?

A patient presents with upper and lower facial paralysis, drooling, hyperacusis, loss of taste to the anterior 2/3 of the tongue, and vesicles in the ear. What condition do they have?

Ramsay-Hunt is from reactivation of VZV in __ ganglion.

Numb chin sign raises concern for which types of cancer due to affecting CN V3 at skull base of distal branches in the mandible?