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NY Released Regents Exam - Living Environment (Aug 2024)
QuizĀ by NYSED Living Environment
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The human body maintains a balanced internal environment.
In order to accomplish this,
Wolves are important predators in some ecosystems. If wolves are removed from their environment, the ecosystem is in danger of becoming unstable due to
Which statement best explains how deforestation that is the result of forest fires can contribute to global warming?
For centuries, humans have built dams along rivers to redirect water for power, irrigation, and transportation. Dams can prevent migrating fish from swimming upstream to reproduce and can also disrupt the flow of sediments and nutrients. Communities are starting to eliminate some dams, and the health of the river ecosystems is being restored. This best illustrates that
In humans, lactose is broken down into glucose and galactose in the presence of a particular enzyme. It is most likely that the enzyme that breaks down lactose
The Tdap vaccine can protect adolescents and adults from the serious bacterial diseases tetanus, diphtheria, and pertussis. Another vaccine, called Td, protects against tetanus and diphtheria, but not pertussis. Td does not protect against pertussis because the
Pelagic red crabs living on the ocean floor have been found to eat small bits of plastic. When they are consumed, these small creatures are passing the plastics along the food chain to predators, including fish consumed by humans.
This is of concern because it
Duckweed is a small plant that grows on the surface of still bodies of water. Over a nine-week period, scientists monitored the growth of duckweed in three ditches located on the same farm. The number of duckweed plants increased rapidly during weeks one and two. After two weeks, each ditch was completely covered with a layer of duckweed and remained covered for the remaining seven weeks.
A valid conclusion based on the data collected over this nine-week study is that
Which statement explains why the organisms in some ecosystems, such as rainforests, deserts, and oceans, are different from each other?
Some green plants secrete acids that dissolve rock, which makes it possible for the plants to absorb phosphorus needed for healthy plant growth. In addition to phosphorus, plants require many other substances. Which substances are required for the production of carbohydrates in green plants?
Which statement about competition in ecosystems is correct?
Human body systems interact with each other. The list below illustrates the results of one body system functioning normally.
ā¢ Muscle cells receive oxygen.
ā¢ Nerve cells receive glucose.
ā¢ Lungs get rid of carbon dioxide.
ā¢ Some gland cells send chemical signals to organs.
Which body system most directly enables all these functions to occur?
The Himalayan rabbit lives in the cold Tibetan mountains. It typically has white fur on its body and black fur on its outer extremities, such as the ears, nose, feet, and tail.
A scientist shaved a patch of white fur off the back of a Himalayan rabbit and applied an ice pack to the area for 30 minutes. The fur in the shaved area grew in black. The best explanation for why black fur grew in the shaved area is that
Researchers have identified a mutually beneficial relationship between some plant species and specific fungi. The fungi increase the nutrient uptake for these plants, and the plants provide nutrition to the fungi.
In order for this relationship to occur, the plant must produce a particular protein. Scientists hope to enable plants that normally do not interact with these fungi to obtain the benefitĀ that the plant-fungi relationship offers.
In order to make this possible, which process would scientists most likely use?
Milkweeds are plants that produce toxic, bittertasting chemicals. Some insects have developed the ability to safely feed on milkweed. They accumulate some of the toxin in their bodies, causing them to taste bitter to other animals that may try to eat them. As a result, most animals avoid eating these insects. A possible explanation for this relationship is that
Which type of cell engulfs pathogens and marks them for killing?
Concern is rising that mass extinctions of many species may increase. In the graph below, the risk of extinctions is shown to have risen rapidly from 1850 to 2014.
This loss of different species is a concern because it may
The American Museum of Natural History has an exhibit called the Ecosystem Sphere. It is a huge glass globe that was assembled in 1999. Populations of algae, bacteria, and little shrimp were sealed with water and air inside. The Ecosystem Sphere is kept in a well-lit area.
Although the sphere has never been opened, groups of each kind of organism are still alive inside it. The most likely reason for this is because the populations have
Ebola is a deadly viral disease. Victims of Ebola suffer from massive blood loss and organ failure. Researchers are testing a vaccine on people who have not yet been infected by Ebola, but live in high-risk areas. The vaccine must be given to the subjects before exposure to Ebola because
A relatively large number of antibodies in a blood sample would most likely indicate that there is
Ultraviolet light can alter the DNA segments of genes in the skin cells of an individual. Which statement best describes a direct result of these alterations?
The energy required to assemble proteins and fats is directly supplied to body cells from
There are over 200 different cell types in the human body. Each type of cell is specialized to carry out a particular function, but they all developed from the same single cell. This is because each type of cell
Coral reefs are vital components of marine ecosystems. They provide shelter and nutrition to many organisms that live on or in them. Some coral reefs in the Pacific Ocean are heavily polluted with plastic objects that provide surfaces where disease-causing microbes are able to grow.
If the amount of plastic present on coral reefs continues to increase, it is likely that the
Enzymes, antibodies, and receptor molecules all have different functions. However, they are alike in that they
Australian quolls are endangered mammals. One factor causing the death of many quolls is that they occasionally consume cane toads, which are poisonous. Scientists have identified a gene that some quolls possess that makes them avoid eating cane toads. By selectively breeding quolls with the ātoad-avoiding geneā with other quolls who lack the gene, scientists found that all of the hybrid offspring inherited the survival gene.
Before the survival gene could be passed on to any offspring, the genetic material present in the parent with the ātoad-avoiding geneā would have to be
Scientists have cloned many animals, such as cows, sheep, and chickens, from a single cell. Which natural process is most similar to these cloning techniques?
Within a sexually reproducing species, the correct chromosome number is maintained by
The ability of sea otters to find food can be reduced because the environment where they search for food is often dark and murky. It has been recently discovered that the surface of ottersā paws are able to quickly detect a difference of one-quarter of a millimeter when comparing the size of objects, including food sources.
The special characteristics of the ottersā paws can be described as
Catalase is an enzyme produced by organisms that breaks down hydrogen peroxide, releasing oxygen and water. The relative enzyme activity, when tested at different temperatures, is shown in the graph below.
Which statement below best explains the decrease in activity of catalase after 35ĀŗC shown in the graph?
Using a microscope, a student observed four different types of cells. For each structure he observed, he placed an X in the chart below to indicate the cells where the structure was observed.
Which of the cells he viewed were most likely from heterotrophs?
Coleus is a type of plant that has many variations in its leaves. Many coleus plants have chloroplast-rich areas on the edge of the leaf. Other areas in the middle lack chloroplasts. A student exposed the coleus leaf to sunlight. Later, starch indicator was added to the entire leaf. The diagram below shows the result of the experiment.
Which statement is a valid claim, supported by evidence from this experiment?
Breathing vapors produced by e-cigarettes has caused respiratory problems, including coughing, shortness of breath, difficulty breathing, and even some deaths. Medical experts are warning the public and discouraging the use of these devices.
The medical issues associated with vaping are an example of
The chart below lists some organisms found in a New York ecosystem and their sources of energy.
When constructing an energy pyramid of this ecosystem, which of these organisms would be placed at the top of the pyramid?
An unusually cool and wet spring prevented certain farmers from planting corn at the usual time. They normally planted their crop on May 1, but the altered weather patterns delayed planting until June 1.
Based on the information given, what is the most likely impact of the delayed planting on the production of corn?
An ecologist is studying the biodiversity of beetle species in four different habitats. She counted the number of individuals of each species she observed in each habitat. The results are shown in the data table below.
Which of these habitats displays the most biodiversity of beetle species?
Hummingbirds, with their long beaks and tongues, are attracted to long, tubular flowers with a lot of nectar. When a hummingbird consumes the nectar from a flower, pollen sticks to the hummingbird and is transferred when the hummingbird feeds from other flowers.
This relationship between the flowers and hummingbirds is a result of
The kittens in the photograph below were all born in the same litter.
One possible reason that they all have different fur colors and patterns is that
Based on this experiment, one result of the future warming of the Antarctic Ocean could be
A possible explanation for the differences observed on the panels is that
These test panels provided scientists with information about
The kakapo is a small, flightless parrot. Currently there is a small population of kakapos living on four islands off the coast of New Zealand. Scientists are concerned that the kakapo may become extinct due to the introduction of predators and recent infections that have drastically reduced the already small population. During their conservation attempts, scientists made an interesting observation: When food is plentiful, more male offspring survive. Scientists provided the illustration below to explain this observation.
If scientists were going to test this hypothesis, the best way would be to select a test group and develop a research plan that includes collecting data when
Which row best describes the effect of the feeding relationship between the mosquito and the human?
The models below illustrate two methods that can be used to modify the characteristics of plants.
In both methods of reproduction, scientists are trying to produce desired traits by manipulating the
The primary reason the occurrence of periodic fires helps to maintain the Pine Bush ecosystem is because the fires
How many bird species represented in the diagram are strictly carnivores?
Different species of the Galapagos finches have beaks of unique shapes and sizes. These differences are most likely due to finches
The DNA sequences below are from species X, Y, and Z, and Botana curus.
Based on these sequences, which species, X, Y, or Z, is most closely related to Botana curus?
Students hypothesized that eating a candy bar a few minutes prior to exercising would increase the number of jumping jacks they could do in a given amount of time. Each participant ate one candy bar, waited 10 minutes, then did jumping jacks for one minute.
Four students were asked to explain the reason that the hypothesis was most likely correct. Their responsesare shown in the table below. Which row contains a correct explanation of how the body would use thecandy bar?
Students hypothesized that eating a candy bar a few minutes prior to exercising would increase the number of jumping jacks they could do in a given amount of time. Each participant ate one candy bar, waited 10 minutes, then did jumping jacks for one minute.
Which three human body systems are most directly involved in converting the energy in food to energy needed to do an activity such as jumping jacks?
