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NY Released Regents Exam - Living Environment (Jan 2023)
Quiz by NYSED Living Environment
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The removal of mitochondria from a typical animal cell would have an immediate effect on the cell’s production of
Which factor would be an abiotic limiting factor for fish living in a lake in New York State?
A native species is competing for resources with a nonnative species that was accidentally introduced into the area. The nonnative species is more likely to survive than the native species when
Students were studying the different species of organisms in two different pond ecosystems. Their findings are summarized in the chart below.
Based on the information in the chart, how does the biodiversity present in pond A compare to the biodiversity present in pond B?
When a person receives a transplanted organ, many medications are necessary to keep the organ from being rejected. The process of organ rejection is similar to the one involved in
Hydrilla, a plant native to Central Africa, was widely used in home aquaria. Hydrilla was often dumped with aquarium water into drains, sewers, or ponds. It then thrived and has become an invasive species, disrupting aquatic ecosystems from Florida through the northeast United States. Removing Hydrilla from these ecosystems will most likely require either physically removing it or adding chemicals to the affected waters to kill it.
The result of the introduction of Hydrilla into native ecosystems in the United States has shown that
One result of the ability of organisms to detect and appropriately respond to stimuli is
Some organisms have variations. Two sources of these variations are
In order to prepare for a future outbreak of Ebola, a harmful virus, two vaccines were tested. In order for either of these vaccines to be effective, they must
The population of reindeer has been decreasing over the last 20 years in the Arctic because climate change has led to more rainfall there. The rain freezes on top of the snow, preventing the reindeer from getting through the snow to fi nd food. Which action by humans has most likely contributed to climate change?
Which statement about the functioning of the human reproductive system is correct?
A Christmas tree farmer cuts down a native forest to plant Frasier fi r trees. Compared to the original forest, the newly planted Christmas tree farm will most likely be
A major environmental concern in urban areas is pollution produced by automobiles. Fluids, such as oil and gasoline, may leak out of vehicles and end up in lakes, streams, and rivers. One reason why scientists are concerned about this type of pollution is that
When a plant is in a hot and dry environment, the guard cells may close the stomate openings in the leaves. This action will directly
Destruction of ocean habitats by pollution today means that the organisms living there may not survive in the future. By polluting the oceans, humans are
Each of the cells present in a woman contains a complete set of chromosomes. The only exceptions are her
Which contains the correct sequence of events involved in the formation of a human embryo?
Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) is the bacterium responsible for most ulcers and many cases of stomach inflammation. An antibiotic has been found to kill these bacteria. It works because H. pylori makes a particular enzyme that happens to react with the antibiotic and makes it poisonous to the bacterium. The sequences in the diagram below show the effects of antibiotic treatment on two strains of H. pylori, one of which does not produce the enzyme.
The overall series of events best illustrates the process of
The illustrations below are of an organism called Archeopteryx, which lived approximately 150 million years ago. Archeopteryx had teeth and claws like a dinosaur and wings with feathers like a bird.
Such fossils allow scientists to conclude that
Human society has become increasingly dependent on industry and technology. While this has had many benefits, it also has had the disadvantage of
Within a specific kind of tissue, there are different types of cells. In bone tissue, there are four different cell types, as shown below
Since the four types of cells contain the same genetic instructions, how is it possible for them to have different shapes and carry out different functions?
The series of fossil snail shells below represents 10 samples that were collected from deposits laid down from 10 million years ago to 3 million years ago. The shells are arranged in order by age. The shells shown represent how they looked at various times over a 7-million-year period.
It would be most accurate to conclude that the snails of this species
When a person is threatened, the pituitary gland releases a hormone that stimulates the adrenal glands to release stress hormones. These stress hormones can cause a temporary increase in heart rate. This is an example of
A plant commonly referred to as “Mother of Thousands” has lost its ability to produce seeds. In order to reproduce, the edges of the plant’s leaves asexually develop miniature plants that drop off and grow into mature plants.
The cells of the offspring would have
The diagram below represents part of a biological process that begins with a chromosome containing a specific human gene being removed from a human cell.
The overall process is important because it
What is the most likely reason for the variation in the dissolved oxygen levels in the pond over the 24-hour period?
A large population of fish was introduced into the pond. During which part of the day would these fish affect the dissolved oxygen level in the pond?
An enzyme that rapidly breaks down a protein molecule in the stomach may break down that same protein much more slowly in the small intestine or mouth because
A graph of population changes of two animal species over time is shown below.
Using the information on the graph, what is the most likely relationship between these two populations?
The diagram represents the energy relationships in a forest ecosystem.
The best explanation for the decrease in the amount of energy available as one moves up the pyramid is that
Epigenetics
The field of epigenetics is the study of changes in gene expression due to factors other than a change in the DNA sequence. One factor that can change gene expression is the attachment of a chemical, called a methyl group, to the DNA molecule. This attachment prevents that gene from being expressed, thereby altering that trait. Due to epigenetic effects, even identical twins may not be as identical as was once thought. The diagram below shows the DNA sequence of a gene present in a pair of identical twins. Twin B’s gene shows an epigenetic effect.
Researchers have shown that environmental factors, such as exposure to toxins, can bring about epigenetic effects. This research suggests that an organism’s traits
Epigenetics
The field of epigenetics is the study of changes in gene expression due to factors other than a change in the DNA sequence. One factor that can change gene expression is the attachment of a chemical, called a methyl group, to the DNA molecule. This attachment prevents that gene from being expressed, thereby altering that trait. Due to epigenetic effects, even identical twins may not be as identical as was once thought. The diagram below shows the DNA sequence of a gene present in a pair of identical twins. Twin B’s gene shows an epigenetic effect.
Based on the diagram, an explanation for why these identical twins are not identical in all traits is that
Which statement represents an explanation for why it is necessary to remove the nucleus from the egg cell used during the cloning process?
If a donor cat was black and the surrogate mother was white, then the cloned cat would likely be
Bacteria reproduce asexually by a process known as binary fission. In binary fission, the bacterium’s single chromosome is copied and the cell splits in half, with each new cell receiving a copy of the chromosome. The biggest advantage that binary fission often has over sexual reproduction is that
For years, scientists believed that flight evolved when ancestral birds climbed trees and then glided back to the ground. Recent fossil evidence suggests that flight may have evolved from the ground up, as early birds used to jump off the ground as a way to avoid predators. These discoveries suggest that
Colombia is a country in South America that grows and exports a large portion of the coffee that is used by Americans. A group of scientists in Colombia conducted an experiment on the effects of coffee on the development of Alzheimer’s disease in elderly people. Their conclusion was that drinking coffee every day will decrease the occurrence of Alzheimer’s disease, and they recommended that Americans drink coffee several times a day. In order to evaluate this conclusion and before they encourage Americans to drink more coffee, scientists in the United States should
The graphs below display the percent of monitoring stations where three different amphibian species were seen. The data were collected between 1995 to 2007 in the wetlands surrounding the Great Lakes.
Which claim is best supported by the data represented in the graphs?
Protecting Nesting Habitats
Sea turtles repeatedly return to the same beach to nest and there is no parental care once the eggs have been deposited in the nest. Therefore, the characteristics of the nest determine whether the eggs will survive or not. The mother turtle must choose her nest site carefully. Nests farther inland are more likely to dry out, and due to the distance that the hatchlings have to travel to reach the sea, there is a greater chance that they will be preyed upon. Nests too close to the sea are more likely to be damaged by erosion or flooding.
Two endangered turtle species are regularly found around Akumal, a popular tourist destination in the Caribbean. The local beaches are an important nesting ground for the loggerhead turtle and green turtle. The beaches are managed by a local organization that makes daily patrols to locate turtle nests and place protective barriers around them. Night patrols ensure that turtle nests are not disturbed by tourists. Local residents have agreed to minimize light pollution by closing all shops, bars, and restaurants before 11 p.m., and local fishermen and tour boats avoid areas of sea grasses that are roped off, so that feeding turtles will not be disturbed.
The data table below shows the results of efforts to increase the numbers of loggerhead and green turtles.
A trade-off was made by the local population that has increased the number of turtles in the area. Which statement best describes the trade-off?
One factor that could result in an increase in the population size after year 10 would be
The graph shows how the population growth rate of several species of fish is affected by temperature.
What is the most favorable temperature for the growth of the yellow perch population?
A student compared two stem cross sections. Stem cross section A is from a plant that can be used to produce products with valuable medicinal properties. Stem cross section B is from a plant growing in the same area of the forest and its usefulness for producing medicines is unknown. The student concluded that the stem cross sections had many structural similarities and that the plant that produced cross section B would produce the same valuable medicinal products.
Is the student’s conclusion valid?
A student was jumping rope and noticed that her heart was beating faster. The student’s heart rate probably increased as a result of
DNA samples were taken from four different species of animals labeled A, B, C, and D. The diagram below represents the results of a procedure that separated the DNA fragments from each species.
The species that has the band containing the smallest DNA fragment for the sample that was sequenced is
DNA samples were taken from four different species of animals labeled A, B, C, and D. The diagram below represents the results of a procedure that separated the DNA fragments from each species.
The fragments of DNA separated into these bands because of their
The diagram illustrates the movement of molecules across an artificial membrane in a U-shaped glass tube. A 1% starch solution was poured into the left side of the tube, and distilled water was placed in the right side of the tube.
If a 1% salt solution were substituted for the starch solution in this setup, the results would be
During the Making Connections lab, several pulse readings are taken and averaged in order to
