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NY Released Regents Exam - Living Environment (Jun 2024)
Quiz by NYSED Living Environment
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In an animal cell, all of the organelles work together to carry out
Scientists have found that different tissues in the prostate gland, a male reproductive organ, respond to different hormones. The tissues in the center area of the gland respond to testosterone and the tissues in the outer area of the gland respond to estrogen.
The cells that make up these two regions of the prostate are different in that
Energy transfers in a natural ecosystem are represented in the diagram below.
Which statement about this ecosystem is correct?
The process of differentiation occurs when
Which two human systems work together to provide glucose for the cells of the body?
The chart below includes structures found in a multicellular organism. Which row contains the structures that would be most numerous?
Dioxin, a toxin associated with waste incineration and some plastics, has been found to directly disrupt normal gamete production in human females. Dioxin most likely affects the
A gene present only in a single plant species was found to regulate protein content. This gene could increase the protein content of other food crops in the developing world. The most likely method that scientists would use to incorporate this gene into a variety of food crops is
A decrease in predators within an ecosystem would lead to an increase in herbivores. The increase in herbivores would cause a decrease in
The lioness (female lion) and cub shown below have similar characteristics.
In order for some of the genetic information in the lioness to be present in the cub, the genetic information from the mother must have been
Which statement best describes a critical function of the placenta?
Organisms maintain internal stability in a changing environment. To do this, they make a series of adjustments. The process of making these continual adjustments is referred to as
A species of octopus lives in the depths of the ocean where oxygen levels are low. These octopuses have specific proteins in their blood that allow for more efficient oxygen transport than in those that live in surface waters.
Which statement best explains the presence of these proteins in the octopuses living deep in the ocean?
Tissue engineering is being developed as a technology that would use laboratory-grown tissues to replace diseased or damaged human body parts, such as hearts and kidneys. In order to build these new body parts, scientists would start by
People with cystic fibrosis have decreased levels of some digestive enzymes in their small intestines. It is essential that they take enzyme supplements in order to prevent malnutrition. These enzymes are an important part of the digestive process because they
A reproductive cycle is illustrated below.
Which statement about this reproductive cycle is correct?
Kidney-transplant surgery places a healthy kidney from one person into the body of another. The body will often produce substances that work against this transplanted organ. The system most directly involved in attacking the transplanted kidney is the
An energy pyramid for a forest ecosystem is represented below. The four levels (A-D) represent different types of organisms in the ecosystem.
Which numbered column in the chart below contains four terms that correctly identify the most likely types of organisms that could be found at each of the four levels in the pyramid?
The diagram below shows information about human body temperature regulation.
These events can be best described as an example of
An Adirondack Mountain ecosystem is represented below.
An abiotic factor in this ecosystem is the
A partial food chain is represented below.
A student observed owls hunting mice in a field. Some chemicals from the waste products of the owls were made available to be absorbed by the roots of the grasses due to the action of
Which two terms are opposite processes?
Which human activity would most likely deplete finite resources?
Macaques are a species of monkey. They normally reproduce sexually, but, in January 2018, scientists cloned two baby macaques from a single body cell.
These monkeys are genetically
Which event would most likely be the immediate result of significantly lowering the oxygen concentration in a freshwater lake?
Scientists have modified papayas to be resistant to the papaya ringspot virus and to decrease the time that it takes for them to ripen. These modifications
Vaccinated individuals are protected from disease because their bodies have been stimulated to
A species of predatory wasp is introduced to control an insect pest. A possible negative consequence of this action is that the new predatory wasp may
Based on the information given, which statement concerning the eating of fish and seafood is most accurate?
Which statement is best supported by the information provided about the levels of mercury present in seafood?
Grasshopper mice feed on bark scorpions, but, unlike other mice, grasshopper mice are unaffected by the painful venom of the scorpion. Scientists have determined that these mice have one amino acid difference in their pain receptors, which causes the receptor to function differently and prevents feeling the pain associated with the scorpion venom. This change in protein function was originally caused by a change in
Certain organisms living deep in the ocean can obtain energy from inorganic compounds that flow out of volcanic vents. They can use this energy to synthesize energy-rich organic compounds.
Which row in the chart below correctly pairs an organism that performs a similar function in land environments with the process involved?
Scientists are concerned about the decreasing numbers in the populations of Atlantic salmon along the east coast of North America due to overfishing and changes in their breeding environments. Some businesses have developed farm-raised populations of certain varieties of salmon. Large, farm-raised populations have a limited genetic diversity as compared to wild-caught salmon.
Which row in the chart below correctly pairs possible effects of fish farming?
DNA studies have shown that bears and raccoons evolved from a common ancestor about 50 million years ago. Giant pandas evolved from a more recent ancestor that was related to bears. The red panda evolved from a more recent ancestor that was related to raccoons.
Which evolutionary tree best represents these sequences of events?
Researchers studying water fleas (tiny organisms that live in fresh water) have noticed that the appearance of the water flea follows a pattern, as seen in the table below.
If all three water fleas are genetically identical, which statement best explains why the three water fleas have different appearances?
Mitochondria Inherited from Father
It was widely accepted that humans inherit their mitochondria only from their mothers. In 2002, an individual suffering from fatigue and muscle pain was found to have a mutation in his mitochondrial DNA. DNA sequencing of family members revealed that he had inherited the mutated mitochondria from his father. Since 2002, evidence of additional cases of children inheriting mitochondrial mutations from their fathers has been found.
The discovery that humans can inherit mitochondria from their fathers illustrates the concept that
Mitochondria Inherited from Father
It was widely accepted that humans inherit their mitochondria only from their mothers. In 2002, an individual suffering from fatigue and muscle pain was found to have a mutation in his mitochondrial DNA. DNA sequencing of family members revealed that he had inherited the mutated mitochondria from his father. Since 2002, evidence of additional cases of children inheriting mitochondrial mutations from their fathers has been found.
The most likely explanation for why children who inherited mutated mitochondria suffer fatigue and muscle pain is that their mitochondria fail to
Burmese pythons are an invasive species in the Everglades National Park. In 2010, there was a rare “hard freeze,” which residents hoped would eliminate these pests that were originally from very warm areas in Asia. Roughly 40% to 90% of the pythons were killed by the freeze event. Since not all of the pythons were killed during the freeze event, the members of the current large python population in the Everglades might differ from he members of the python population from before 2010.
Which statement best describes a likely cause for the changes that might exist in the present python population?
Burmese pythons are an invasive species in the Everglades National Park. In 2010, there was a rare “hard freeze,” which residents hoped would eliminate these pests that were originally from very warm areas in Asia. Roughly 40% to 90% of the pythons were killed by the freeze event. Since not all of the pythons were killed during the freeze event, the members of the current large python population in the Everglades might differ from he members of the python population from before 2010.
Pythons in their native habitat often eat a large animal and then do not feed again for weeks. In the Florida Everglades, food sources are often small mammals and birds. The current large python population in Florida can be described as a species that
Fishers
Fishers are mammals that prefer to live in forested areas. The fisher feeds on acorns, berries, and apples, as well as on smaller mammals and birds. They are one of the few organisms that are successful in killing and eating porcupines. Porcupines are large rodents that have sharp spines, or quills, that cover most of their body. The fisher has no natural enemies. Most fisher deaths are due to automobiles and trapping. The population has also been negatively affected by logging and road-building.
Recently, new regulations have been adopted that affect the trapping of fishers. Which action would probably result in an increase in the fisher population?
Fishers
Fishers are mammals that prefer to live in forested areas. The fisher feeds on acorns, berries, and apples, as well as on smaller mammals and birds. They are one of the few organisms that are successful in killing and eating porcupines. Porcupines are large rodents that have sharp spines, or quills, that cover most of their body. The fisher has no natural enemies. Most fisher deaths are due to automobiles and trapping. The population has also been negatively affected by logging and road-building.
Humans have negatively affected the ecosystem that fishers occupy. An altered or changed ecosystem can
Which row in the chart below correctly identifies the average percent of infection of the larvae that ate tropical milkweed and the average percent of infection of the larvae that ate swamp milkweed?
Frogsicles: Frozen but Still Alive
The wood frog has the amazing ability to survive winter in a frozen state. Ice crystals touching the frog can trigger the freezing of its body fluids. Most of the water moves out of their cells and into body cavities, where it turns into solid ice. Their cells are protected from dehydration and frostbite by the antifreezing effect of their cells absorbing extremely high concentrations of sugar. When these frogs freeze, they stop breathing, their heart stops beating, and they enter a state of dormancy that can last several months. In spring, the frogs thaw, and the excess sugar moves out of their cells. The frogs resume normal activities in less than 24 hours.
A wood frog’s body systems’ responses to ice crystals touching it in winter and to the conditions in the spring can best be explained by
Frogsicles: Frozen but Still Alive
The wood frog has the amazing ability to survive winter in a frozen state. Ice crystals touching the frog can trigger the freezing of its body fluids. Most of the water moves out of their cells and into body cavities, where it turns into solid ice. Their cells are protected from dehydration and frostbite by the antifreezing effect of their cells absorbing extremely high concentrations of sugar. When these frogs freeze, they stop breathing, their heart stops beating, and they enter a state of dormancy that can last several months. In spring, the frogs thaw, and the excess sugar moves out of their cells. The frogs resume normal activities in less than 24 hours.
Which scientific question could lead to an investigation to help determine the stimulus that causes wood frogs to thaw in the spring?
After exercising outside on a cold day, a student noticed that his fingers were not as cold as when he started. One possible explanation for this phenomenon would be that exercising
The diagram below represents changes in some red onion cells being observed with a compound microscope after a particular solution was added.
Which statement best explains the changes observed?
Competition arises most often when two birds have similar
To demonstrate some of the steps involved in the analysis of DNA, a student was given two paper strips with single-stranded DNA sequences recorded on them. The two strips are illustrated below.
The student cut between the C and G in each of the shaded CCGG sequences in strip 1 and between the As in the shaded TAAT sequences in strip 2. Both sets of DNA fragments were arranged on a paper model of a gel.
The results of this type of DNA analysis are often used to help determine
Shown below are two tools that students used as models of finch beaks during the Beaks of Finches lab investigation.
Which important concept of natural selection do these model beaks represent?
The diagram shows the changes in distribution of certain molecules inside and outside of an artificial cell over a period of time.Â
The change in the distribution of oxygen molecules was most likely due to
