A specialist in the study of outbreaks of disease within a population group

Native or confined to a particular region or people; characteristic of or prevalent in a field

A sudden rise in the incidence of a disease

Disease that occurs over a wide global geographic area and affects a very high proportion of the population.

Hospital acquired infection

Bacterial cells on and in a human normally

Contamination or invasion of body tissue by pathogenic organisms

An animal or plant that acts as a biological refuge in which another - often parasitic - organism may dwell.

Disease causing agents

Prions, viruses, bacteria, protists, fungi, helminths

Misfolded proteins with the ability to transmit their misfolded shape onto normal variants of the same protein in the body; several fatal and transmissible neurodegenerative diseases are caused

Very tiny 'germs' of genetic material surrounded by a protein coat that cause disease

Single-celled organisms that can be a harmful strain in the body including pneumonia, meningitis, and food poisoning.

Single-celled organisms, also called 'protozoa', that are responsible for a range of diseases, including dysentery and flesh eating.

Invades the tissue via spores and can cause disease that's confined to the skin, spreads into tissue, bones, and organs, or affects the whole body.

Parasitic worms that can dwell in the GI track

A type of white blood cell that functions in the humoral immunity component of the adaptive immune system by secreting antibodies.

One of the important white blood cells of the immune system that plays a central role in the adaptive immune response.

Indirect and direct

Skin and mucous membranes, respiratory tract, urinary tract, GI tract, reproductive tract, blood

Children, elderly, people with weaker immune systems

People, animals, the environment

Exposure or transmission of a communicable disease from one person to another by physical contact

Exposure or transmission of disease from one person to another by contact with a contaminated object.

Immunity that is present before exposure and effective from birth. Responds to a broad range of pathogens.

Specific immune defense mechanisms. This form of immunity is squires over a lifetime and use antibodies to respond to specific antigens.

Acquired following infection and recovery, or from a vaccine, your body makes its own antibodies.

Acquired from the mother. Antibodies are given to a child through the placenta or through breast-feeding.

Tears, digestive enzymes, nasal mucosa and cilia, phagocytes, cilia, stomach acid, normal flora, secretions

A weakened variant or derivative of a pathogen that stimulates a host's immune system to mount defenses against the pathogen

Cause of disease

Shape of cells

Studies microscopic organisms

Color, Form, elevation, margin, size

A spherical bacterium

Rod shaped bacteria

Spiral shaped bacteria

Individual, chain

Individual, diplo (pair), chain, tetrad, staph

A protein-carbohydrate compound that makes the cell walls of bacteria rigid

Shows as a purple stain

Shows as a pink stain

Identifies a thick peptidoglycan layer exposed

Identifies a thin peptidoglycan layer

Phenomenon that occurs when if majority of population is immune, outbreaks are limited to sporadic cases

Someone who studies viruses, outbreaks and effects