Question 1

What is the purpose of gel electrophoresis?

Accepted Answer

To separate DNA fragments based on their size

Answer

To separate DNA fragments based on their concentration

Answer

To separate DNA fragments based on their charge

Answer

To separate DNA fragments based on their fluorescence

Question 2

What is the source of the negative charge in DNA fragments?

Accepted Answer

The sugar-phosphate backbone

Answer

The secondary structure

Answer

The nitrogenous bases

Answer

The hydrogen bonds

Question 3

What type of gel is typically used for DNA separation?

Accepted Answer

Agarose

Answer

Cellulose

Answer

Polyacrylamide

Answer

Silica

Question 4

What is the role of the DNA ladder in gel electrophoresis?

Accepted Answer

It serves as a standard reference for determining the size of DNA fragments

Answer

It binds to the DNA fragments to make them visible

Answer

It helps to conduct electricity through the gel

Answer

It helps to keep the gel in the electrophoresis chamber

Question 5

Where are the DNA samples loaded in the gel electrophoresis procedure?

Accepted Answer

At the negative electrode end of the gel

Answer

On the surface of the gel

Answer

In the middle of the gel

Answer

At the positive electrode end of the gel

Question 6

Which electrode do the DNA fragments migrate towards during electrophoresis?

Accepted Answer

The positive electrode

Answer

The negative electrode

Answer

The gel does not move

Answer

It depends on the gel type

Question 7

How is the gel typically visualized after electrophoresis?

Accepted Answer

By UV light

Answer

By X-rays

Answer

By infrared radiation

Answer

By radioactive isotopes

Question 8

How are the DNA fragments separated in Size Exclusion Chromatography?

Accepted Answer

By the size of the fragments passing through porous beads

Answer

By the fluorescent properties

Answer

Using an Electric current

Answer

Based on the charge of DNA fragments

Question 9

How many replicates of your samples should be run in gel electrophoresis?

Accepted Answer

Multiple replicates

Answer

Only one

Answer

2-3

Answer

It depends on the experiment

Question 10

What is the main function of the buffer in gel electrophoresis?

Accepted Answer

To conduct electricity through the gel

Answer

To dissolve the DNA fragments

Answer

To cool the gel

Answer

To keep the gel hydrated

Question 11

What is the staining substance that binds to the DNA and make them visible in gel electrophoresis?

Accepted Answer

Ethidium bromide or SYBR Green

Answer

Fluorescein

Answer

Crystal violet

Answer

Hematoxylin

Question 12

What is the principle of separation in gel electrophoresis?

Accepted Answer

DNA fragments move through gel based on their size and charge

Answer

DNA fragments move through gel based on their size only

Answer

DNA fragments move through gel based on their charge only

Answer

DNA fragments move through gel based on their mass

Question 13

What is the name of the pocket-like indentations in the gel where the DNA samples are loaded?

Accepted Answer

Wells

Answer

Grooves

Answer

Pits

Answer

Slots

Question 14

What is the name of the substance that makes up the gel matrix?

Accepted Answer

Agarose

Answer

Silica

Answer

Cellulose

Answer

Polyacrylamide

Question 15

In gel electrophoresis, the DNA fragments that migrate farthest from the well towards the positive electrode are?

Accepted Answer

The smallest fragments

Answer

The fragments with the most fluorescence

Answer

The largest fragments

Answer

The fragments of the highest charge

Question 16

How does staining the gel with Ethidium Bromide or SYBR Green allow visualization of the DNA fragments?

Accepted Answer

The DNA fragments fluoresce when exposed to UV light

Answer

The DNA fragments become radioactive

Answer

The DNA fragments emit light

Answer

The DNA fragments change color

Question 17

Can gel electrophoresis be used to determine the absolute size of a piece of DNA?

Accepted Answer

No, gel electrophoresis is a relative method

Answer

It depends on the gel type

Answer

It depends on the buffer used

Answer

Yes, gel electrophoresis can give an absolute size of DNA

Question 18

What is the main purpose of PCR?

Accepted Answer

Amplifying a specific region of DNA

Answer

Cutting a specific region of DNA

Answer

Sequencing a specific region of DNA

Answer

Splicing a specific region of DNA

Question 19

What is the enzyme responsible for the synthesis of new DNA strands in PCR?

Accepted Answer

DNA polymerase

Answer

RNA polymerase

Answer

Telomerase

Answer

Ligase

Question 20

What are the three main steps of a PCR reaction?

Accepted Answer

Denaturation, Annealing, Extension

Answer

Digestion, Ligation, Transformation

Answer

Denaturation, Hybridization, Ligation

Answer

Enzymatic reaction, Amplification, Purification

Question 21

What is the function of the primers in a PCR reaction?

Accepted Answer

To provide a starting point for DNA polymerase to initiate synthesis

Answer

To provide energy for the reaction

Answer

To provide a template for the synthesis of new strands

Answer

To provide a specific sequence recognition site

Question 22

How is the specificity of a PCR reaction maintained?

Accepted Answer

By using specific primers that only bind to the targeted region of DNA

Answer

By using a high temperature for denaturation

Answer

By using a high concentration of DNA polymerase

Answer

By using a low temperature for annealing

Question 23

What is the thermal cycler used in PCR?

Accepted Answer

A machine that controls the temperature of the reaction

Answer

A machine that purifies the PCR products

Answer

A machine that amplifies the PCR products

Answer

A machine that sequences the PCR products

Question 24

What is the advantage of using PCR?

Accepted Answer

It allows for the amplification of a specific region of DNA without the need for cloning

Answer

It allows for the analysis of proteins

Answer

It allows for the study of metabolomics

Answer

It allows for the sequencing of entire genome

Question 25

What is the optimal temperature range for most DNA polymerases in PCR?

Accepted Answer

72 °C

Answer

95 °C

Answer

42 °C

Answer

95-105 °C

Question 26

What is the role of deoxynucleoside triphosphates (dNTPs) in a PCR reaction?

Accepted Answer

They serve as the building blocks for the synthesis of new DNA strands

Answer

They function as primers for the reaction

Answer

They provide energy for the reaction

Answer

They function as inhibitors for the reaction

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