Question 1

Use the graph below to answer the question.

A student applies identical forces to a block placed on three different surfaces. The student compares the acceleration of the block for each surface. Which inference about surface 1 is BEST supported by the results?

Accepted Answer

It produces the greatest friction with the block.

Answer

It has the steepest downward tilt.

Answer

It helps the block accelerate the greatest.

Answer

It increases the effect of the force of gravity

Question 2

What is an unintended negative effect that long-term pesticide use can have on the targeted environment?

Accepted Answer

The pests that survive can develop resistance to the pesticides.

Answer

The number of animals that compete for resources with the pests can increase.

Answer

The amount of pesticide needed to eliminate the pests will be reduced over time

Answer

The amount of food the pests need to survive will be reduced.

Question 3

During the Carboniferous period, which occurred about 300 million years ago, the oxygen content of Earth's atmosphere was much higher than it is today. Which organisms were MOST LIKELY responsible for the atmospheric conditions 300 million years ago?

Accepted Answer

plants

Answer

fungi

Answer

decomposer bacteria

Answer

land animals

Question 4

Many bird species in Pennsylvania, such as the bluebird and golden-winged warbler, thrive in younger forests and open spaces. How would timber harvesting MOST LIKELY affect the sustainability of these bird species?

Accepted Answer

It would increase the number of favorable habitats.

Answer

It would remove debris that provides protection from predators

Answer

It would reduce the number of edible insect species

Answer

It would produce forests that contain mostly mature trees

Question 5

A student designs an experiment to determine the spectrum of color produced by different light sources. Which variable should be held constant in the student's experiment?

Accepted Answer

the prism through which the light passes

Answer

the colors produced by each light source

Answer

the light source used

Answer

the brightness of the spectrum

Question 6

Use the graph below to answer the question.

The graph shows a relationship between the number of carbon atoms in different alcohol molecules and the boiling point of each alcohol molecule. Which statement BEST describes this relationship?

Accepted Answer

Increasing the number of carbon atoms per molecule causes the boiling point to increase.

Answer

Increasing the boiling point causes the number of carbon atoms per molecule to decrease.

Answer

Increasing the number of carbon atoms per molecule causes the boiling point to decrease.

Answer

Increasing the boiling point causes the number of carbon atoms per molecule to increase

Question 7

Use the diagram below to answer the question.

The diagram shows a type of hand pump used to bring water up from below the ground. Which flaw in the pump keeps it from functioning properly?

Accepted Answer

The handle is disconnected from the connecting rod.

Answer

The connecting rod is not attached to the pump stand.

Answer

The connecting rod is not located above the spout.

Answer

The handle gives too small of a mechanical advantage.

Question 8

A student studied the concept of order in the human body. Which statement BEST summarizes how part of the human body is ordered?

Accepted Answer

Cells are organized to form tissues.

Answer

Organ systems work together to form tissues.

Answer

Tissues work together to form organ systems

Answer

Tissues are organized to form cells

Question 9

Use the chart below to answer the question.

A biologist compares the behaviors of some fish that live in habitats with different amounts of salt. How do the behaviors shown MOST LIKELY help these fish survive in their environments?

Accepted Answer

by maintaining a water balance inside and outside their bodies

Answer

by helping them adjust their mass to improve movement through water

Answer

by providing energy to their body cells in water with low levels of oxygen

Answer

by allowing them to conserve heat as water temperature changes

Question 10

Which statement BEST explains why a food web more completely represents the flow of energy through an ecosystem than a food chain does?

Accepted Answer

There are more relationships between organisms than can be shown in a single food chain.

Answer

More energy flows through most ecosystems than a single food chain can show

Answer

Relationships between organisms usually change quickly enough to make food chains inaccurate.

Answer

Most ecosystems have too many organisms to fit into a food chain.

Question 11

How can an increase in the diversity of producer and decomposer populations MOST LIKELY affect the stability of an ecosystem?

Accepted Answer

Stability would increase because more populations would be supported.

Answer

Stability would decrease because less energy would be available to consumers

Answer

Stability would increase because more light energy would be available.

Answer

Stability would decrease because fewer nutrients would be returned to the soil.

Question 12

Which statement BEST describes the chemicals in the reaction?

Accepted Answer

$	ext C$ and $	ext O_2$ are reactants, and $	ext {CO}_2$ is a product.

Answer

$	ext C$,$	ext O_2$ and $	ext {CO}_2$ are all reactants because they are involved in a reaction.

Answer

$	ext C$ and $	ext O_2$ are products because they contain carbon.

Answer

$	ext C$ and $	ext O_2$ are  products, and $	ext {CO}_2$ is a reactant.

Question 13

Use the drawing below to answer the question.

Which labels correctly identify energy transfers in the drawing?

Accepted Answer

X: convection
Y: conduction
Z: radiation

Answer

X: conduction
Y: radiation
Z: convection

Answer

X: conduction
Y: convection
Z: radiation

Answer

X: radiation
Y: conduction
Z: convection

Question 14

Use the diagram below to answer the question.

Which statements BEST explain the forces acting on the parachute and box at points 1 and 2?

Accepted Answer

Point 1: Gravitational force is greater than air resistance force.
Point 2: Gravitational force is equal to air resistance force.

Answer

Point 1: Gravitational force is greater than air resistance force.
Point 2: Gravitational force is less than air resistance force.

Answer

Point 1: Gravitational force is less than air resistance force.
Point 2: Gravitational force is greater than air resistance force.

Answer

Point 1: Gravitational force is less than air resistance force.
Point 2: Gravitational force is equal to air resistance force.

Question 15

Soil at the shore of Lake Erie in Pennsylvania has a high sand and gravel content. Which of the following is a characteristic of this type of soil?

Accepted Answer

rapid water drainage

Answer

extensive producer biomass

Answer

significant depth before hitting bedrock

Answer

extreme acidity

Question 16

Erie, Pennsylvania, experiences lake-effect snow in the fall when cold winds from the northwest move across warmer lake water. The air absorbs water vapor from the lake and then deposits it as snow to the east and southeast of the lake. During some winters, the surface of Lake Erie freezes solid. Which statement describes how this event would most likely change lake-effect snow in Erie, Pennsylvania?

Accepted Answer

Evaporation from the lake would essentially stop, causing less water to be in the
surrounding air, which would result in a decrease in the amount of snowfall in Erie

Answer

Condensation would increase, producing an increase in the amount of snowfall in Erie
because the lake would remain at a constant temperature when frozen.

Answer

Winds blowing from the lake and into Erie would stop because the lake cannot lose heat
when frozen.

Answer

The weather in Erie would include excessive snow, wind, and freezing temperatures
because the lake would be unable to absorb energy from the air.

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