an accumulation of soluble salts.

Results after years of tillage with heavy machinery and often breaks down soil structure.

The lowering of soil quality and productivity.

Acidification

The rapid loss of ______ of the topsoil occurs due to the clearing of the natural vegetation.

Undesirable changes in soil chemical behaviour so that the quality of soil declines due to human interventions.

Reducing raindrop impact, stabilizing soil aggregates and increasing infiltration and reducing runoff

Lowering of water quality