Compare and contrast prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells, including their complexity, and compare and contrast scientific explanations for cellular complexity.
Identify and illustrate changes in DNA and evaluate the significance of these changes.
Interpret relationships, including predation, parasitism, commensalism, mutualism, and competition, among organisms.
Describe the interactions that occur among systems that perform the functions of transport, reproduction, and response in plants.
Describe how environmental change can impact ecosystem stability.
Predict possible outcomes of various genetic combinations such as monohybrid crosses, dihybrid crosses, and non-Mendelian inheritance.
Describe the stages of the cell cycle, including deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) replication and mitosis, and the importance of the cell cycle to the growth of organisms.
Identify and investigate the role of enzymes.
Compare the structures of viruses to cells, describe viral reproduction, and describe the role of viruses in causing diseases such as human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) and influenza.
Analyze other evolutionary mechanisms, including genetic drift, gene flow, mutation, and recombination.
Describe how events and processes that occur during ecological succession can change populations and species diversity.
The student knows the mechanisms of genetics such as the role of nucleic acids and the principles of Mendelian and non-Mendelian genetics.
Compare the functions of different types of biomolecules, including carbohydrates, lipids, proteins, and nucleic acids.
Examine scientific explanations of abrupt appearance and stasis in the fossil record.
Describe the interactions that occur among systems that perform the functions of regulation, nutrient absorption, reproduction, and defense from injury or illness in animals.
Describe the flow of matter through the carbon and nitrogen cycles and explain the consequences of disrupting these cycles.
Investigate and explain cellular processes, including homeostasis and transport of molecules.
Recognize that components that make up the genetic code are common to all organisms.
Recognize that disruptions of the cell cycle lead to diseases such as cancer.
Analyze and evaluate the relationship of natural selection to adaptation and to the development of diversity in and among species.
Analyze and evaluate how evidence of common ancestry among groups is provided by the fossil record, biogeography, and homologies, including anatomical, molecular, and developmental.
Analyze the flow of matter and energy through trophic levels using various models, including food chains, food webs, and ecological pyramids.
Categorize organisms using a hierarchical classification system based on similarities and differences shared among groups.
Summarize the role of microorganisms in both maintaining and disrupting the health of both organisms and ecosystems.
Analyze the levels of organization in biological systems and relate the levels to each other and to the whole system.
Recognize the significance of meiosis to sexual reproduction.
Define taxonomy and recognize the importance of a standardized taxonomic system to the scientific community.
Explain the purpose and process of transcription and translation using models of DNA and RNA.
Compare the reactants and products of photosynthesis and cellular respiration in terms of energy, energy conversions, and matter.
Recognize that gene expression is a regulated process.
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