economic system that centers on agriculture as the chief source of wealth

Economic system characterized by private or corporate ownership Of capital goods. Limited government interference.

Countryside

Cities

to give up

Kindergarten

The development of industries were production moved from homes to factories.

Fundamental facilities and systems serving a country, city, or area, as transportation and communication systems, power plants, and schools

Identical pieces that could be assembled quickly by unskilled workers. = mass-production

trade between two or more states

A market in which there are many buyers but only one seller.

a telegraph code in which letters and numbers are represented by strings of dots and dashes (short and long signals)

a person who favors those born in his country and is opposed to immigrants

Loyalty to a region

The first highway built by the federal government. Constructed during 1825-1850, it stretched from Pennsylvania to Illinois. It was a major overland shipping route and an important connection between the North and the West.

Laws that controlled the lives of enslaved African Americans and denied them basic rights.

Nonviolent refusal to continue to work until a problem is resolved.

A device for rapid, long-distance transmission of information over an electric wire. It was introduced in England and North America in the 1830s and 1840s.

An increase in the percentage and in the number of people living in urban settlements.

A period of rapid growth in the use of machines in manufacturing and production that began in the mid-1700s. Production became more efficient.

an artificial waterway connecting the Hudson river at Albany with Lake Erie at Buffalo. Helped the rapid growth of cities in the NE.

A machine for cleaning the seeds from cotton fibers, invented by Eli Whitney in 1793. Increased the need for slavery in the south.

Boats that could easily paddle upstream, became vital part of America's transportation system. Robert Fulton sailed his steamboat, the Clermont, up the Hudson River.

series of failures of the potato crop in Ireland that led to 1.5 million Irish to leave the country and the death of another 1.1 million

More people migrated to the cities.

-Large amount of farm able land

-Small amount of farm able land

St. Patrick's Day

Invented the steel plow

Englishman who developed the first efficient method for the mass production of steel

American inventor who designed the first commercially successful steamboat and the first steam warship (1765-1815)

Early labor organizations that brought together workers in the same trade, or job, to fight for better wages and working conditions

A statement of foreign policy which proclaimed that Europe should not interfere in affairs within the United States or in the development of other countries in the Western Hemisphere.

Believed fed government should have strong role in helping the economy grow

"Compromise of 1820" over the issue of slavery in Missouri. It was decided Missouri entered as a slave state and Maine entered as a free state and all states North of the 36th parallel were free states and all South were slave states.

Maryland was trying to tax the national bank and Supreme Court ruled that federal law was stronger than the state law

Regulating interstate commerce is a power reserved to the federal government

Join or merge territory into an existing political unit such as a country or state

the possession and settling of an area shared by two or more countries

A notion held by a nineteenth-century Americans that the United States was destined to rule the continent, from the Atlantic the Pacific.

1787 law that set up a government for the Northwest Territory and a plan for admitting new states to the Union

territorial acquisitions as settlers began moving westward beyond the Appalachian Mountains

began as a dispute over the location of the border between Mexico and newly-annexed Texas

a period from 1848 to 1856 when thousands of people came to California in order to search for gold.

-God-given right to extend democracy

-fertile soil - new land for farmers

-Mormons left to escape religious persecution

1803 purchase of the Louisiana territory from France. Made by Jefferson, this doubled the size of the US.

territory of Oregon, Washington, and portions of what became British Columbia, Canada; land claimed by both U.S. and Britain and held jointly under the Convention of 1818

1848. Awarded as part of the Treaty of Guadalupe-Hidalgo after the Mexican American War. U.S. paid $15 million for 525,000 square miles.

Agreement w/ Mexico that gave the US parts of present-day New Mexico & Arizona in exchange for $10 million; all but completed the continental expansion envisioned by those who believed in Manifest Destiny.

On December 29th, 1845, Texas is annexed into the Union as the 28th State, US inherits border war and Mexican-American War results.

Agreement in which Spain gave up all of Florida to the United States

Treaty that ended the Mexican War, granting the U.S. control of Texas, New Mexico, and California in exchange for $15 million

A major mountain system of the United states and Canada, extending 3,000 miles from Alaska south to New Mexico

In 1847, about 1,600 Mormons followed part of the Oregon Trail to Utah to escape religious persecution. They built a settlement by the Great Salt Lake.

2000 mile long path along which thousands of Americans journeyed to the Willamette Valley in the 1840's.

California

11th President of the United States from Tennessee; committed to westward expansion; led the country during the Mexican War; U.S. annexed Texas and took over Oregon during his administration

More settlers moved into the area allowing California to become a populous state.

Sediment build-up in rivers from miners looking for gold.

Drawn to California by the lure of wealth by the Gold rush and/or farming. Immigrants from China. Helped build the Transcontinental Railroad

Immigrants from Ireland that had fled to United States due to lack of food caused by the poato blight disease. This left families in Ireland with little food. When in America Irish helped build Cumberland Road by digging the entire 12-18 inch canal by hand

American writer and transcendentalist philosopher, he studied nature and published a magazine article, "Civil Disobedience," as well as his famous book, Walden Pond.

Inspired many to achieve perfection on earth; helped influence reform movements (abolitionism, women's rights, temperance, etc.)

the campaign against slavery and the slave trade

equality for women, right to vote ,own property

movement to create public schools that would provide basic education for all children

An organized campaign to eliminate alcohol consumption

A nineteenth-century movement in the Romantic tradition, which held that every individual can reach ultimate truths through spiritual intuition, which transcends reason and sensory experience.

movement to improve condition and treatment of prisoners and to stop people from being jailed for reasons like debt or mental illness

One of the most prominent African American figures in the abolitionist movement; escaped from slavery; advocated freedom from slavery & full citizenship rights for all blacks

social reformer who campaigned for womens rights, the temperance, and was an abolitionist, helped form the National Woman Suffrage Assosiation

A prominent advocate of women's rights, Stanton organized the 1848 Seneca Falls Convention with Lucretia Mott

United States abolitionist and feminist who was freed from slavery and became a leading advocate of the abolition of slavery and for the rights of women (1797-1883)

American abolitionist. Born a slave on a Maryland plantation, she escaped to the North in 1849 and became the most renowned conductor on the Underground Railroad, leading more than 300 slaves to freedom.

began a school where women could be educated in science and mathematics as well as "homemaking" skills

(AJ) in 1837 founded the first college for women, Mount Holyoke Female Seminary

First woman to receive a medical degree in the U.S.

An astronomer who discovered a comet and was the first woman elected to the American Academy of Arts and Sciences

Argued that slavery was against Christian principles

A form of political participation that reflects a conscious decision to break a law believed to be immoral and to suffer the consequences.

-Henry David Thoreau

Group of American landscape painters

(1848) the first national women's rights convention at which the Declaration of Sentiments was written

United States writer and leading exponent of transcendentalism (1803-1882)

..., The seventh President of the United States (1829-1837), who as a general in the War of 1812 defeated the British at New Orleans (1815). As president he opposed the Bank of America, objected to the right of individual states to nullify disagreeable federal laws, and increased the presidential powers.

Andrew Jackson's vice president and eventually became president. He was hand picked by Jackson to be his "successor" and held many of the same political beliefs as Jackson.

Congressman, help JQA win election of 1824 ran against Andrew Jackson in election of 1832, did not get along with Andrew Jackson, helped start the Whig party/National Republicans.

South Carolina Senator who was also Jackson's Vice President - advocate for state's rights, limited government, and nullification when tariff was too high.

A state's refusal to recognize an act of Congress that it considers unconstitutional- to reject or nullify it.

A special tax added to imported goods to raise the price, thereby protecting American businesses and workers from foreign competition.

1828 - Also called Tariff of 1828, it raised the tariff on imported manufactured goods. The tariff protected the North but harmed the South; South said that the tariff was economically discriminatory and unconstitutional because it violated state's rights.

The idea that states are independent and can and should rule on their own. South Carolina used this argument in the nullification crisis regarding the tariff of abominations. They believed that they had the right to secede from the Union if the Federal government wasn't upholding their end of the bargain and protecting the interests of the states.

"rotation in office;" Jackson felt that one should spend a single term in office and return to private citizenship, those who held power too long would become corrupt and political appointments made by new officials was essential for democracy

"corrupt bargain" and backroom deal with Henry Clay for JQ Adams to win over Jackson

Voter turnout tripled with new voting laws and Andrew Jackson beat John Quincy Adams by a landslide

All white men, even if they didn't own property could vote, tripling the voter turn out for the election of 1828.

Created to directly oppose "King Jackson", An American political party formed in the 1830s to oppose President Andrew Jackson and the Democrats, stood for protective tariffs, national banking, and federal aid for internal improvements

Andrew Jackson's Democratic party generally championed the principles of equal opportunity, absolute political freedom (for white males), glorification of the "common man," and limited government.

President of the Second Bank of the United States; he struggled to keep the bank functioning when President Jackson tried to destroy it.

ANDREW JACKSON refused to extend the bank's charter in 1832 and ordered the bank emptied of all federal money the following year. This killed the bank and led to the PANIC OF 1837.

(1838-39) an 800-1000 mile forced march made by the Cherokee from their homeland in Georgia to Indian Territory ( Oklahoma ); resulted in the deaths of almost one-fourth of the Cherokee people (around 4,000)

Passed by Congress under the Jackson administration, this act removed all Indians east of the Mississippi to an "Indian Territory" where they would be "permanently" housed.

Supreme Court Decision - Cherokee Indians could not be removed from land and GAhad no right to their land- Jackson ignored it

Chief Justice of the Supreme Court; he ruled in Worcester v. Georgia (1832) that the state of Georgia had no legal authority to force the Cherokee people to leave their land.

Cherokee leader who signed the Treaty of New Echota and was consequently killed

Cherokee chief who resisted the removal of his people from Georgia

a large complex administrative structure that handles everyday business of an organization

A ceremony in which the president takes the oath of office

Idea that government should play as small a role as possible in economic affairs

The use of insults to attack an opponent's reputation

The right to vote

Asserts that powers not delegated to the national government or denied to the states are reserved to the states.