Which of the following would increase the FiO2 level on a non-breathing, ventilated patient?

Your adult trauma patient is in hypovolemic shock due to blood loss. Which of the following is most likely to occur from the switch to anaerobic metabolism?

You decide to administer CPAP to your spontaneously breathing patient who is complaining of dyspnea. What should the initial pressure valve setting be on a fixed rate FiO2 CPAP device?

Which of the following interventions would be most effective in decreasing the venous return to the heart by dilation of the peripheral vessels in the venous beds?

The National Highway Transportation and Safety Act (NHTSA) created a document that provides guidelines as to what skills each level of EMS provider should be able to accomplish. What is the name of this document?

You are called to assist a 23-year-old female patient with chest pain and dyspnea. On-scene, the patient reports she was taking care of her three-day-old newborn when the episode began suddenly. She is tachycardic, tachypneic, and has a current systolic blood pressure of 88 mmHg. Which of the following should you suspect may be causing her signs and symptoms until proven otherwise at the hospital?

Your 20-year-old patient has reportedly been ill for three days with a high fever, chills, nausea, and vomiting. Her skin is cool and pale and has a delayed skin turgor response. Her heart rate is accelerated while her respirations are shallow and fast. Her blood pressure is borderline hypotensive and she has a decreased level of consciousness. Suspecting dehydration, which of the following IV fluid would be most appropriate to administer to this patient?

All traditional means of clearing an obstructed airway have been exhausted, and your adult patient is quickly approaching cardiopulmonary arrest. As a last-resort effort to save your patient's life, you decide to attempt ventilation through a needle cricothyrotomy.

Your adult patient has a history of atherosclerosis. He called for assistance after developing sudden-onset pain in the right calf region. On arrival, the patient is conscious and alert with a blood pressure of 160/100, a heart rate of 100, and respirations of 16. He has a pulse, motor, and sensation in all extremities except the right leg, which is pulseless and cool to the touch. Which of the following should be suspected until proven otherwise?

Which of the following medications may be effective in reducing cerebral edema and circulating blood volume after an injury?

You are on-scene with an elderly female; bystanders report she suddenly collapsed while walking through the mall. She is pulseless, apneic, and showing pulseless electrical activity on the monitor. When attempting to ventilate and intubate the patient, it is apparent she has a laryngeal spasm, and the ventilations are not getting into her lungs. At this point, what should you do to manage the patient's airway?

Your adult patient is complaining of non-traumatic pain in his left upper abdominal quadrant (LUQ). He describes the pain as cramping, diffuse, and with varying intensity from six to ten on the pain scale. Upon assessment, you find there to be distension, pain, and guarding on palpation in the LUQ. Which of the following organs should you suspect is causing his pain?

Your adult anaphylaxis patient is suffering from hypotension that is not responding to epinephrine. Which of the following medications is capable of combating hypotension associated with anaphylaxis when epinephrine fails to improve blood pressure?

Radio systems utilizing radio signals to carry multiple streams of audio and/or data at the same time are referred to as:

A 19-year-old male is suffering from fractured ribs sustained while playing football. He is complaining of difficulty breathing and intense chest wall pain on the right side. He denies back or neck pain and was ambulatory on-scene. Following proper oxygenation, he has progressive shortness of breath, absence of breath sounds on the affected side, cyanosis, JVD, subcutaneous emphysema, and hypotension. Which of the following interventions would be most appropriate?

A patient is burned on their anterior and posterior torso, all of one arm, and the opposite palm. What is their TBSA score using the rule of nines?

The CHARTE method and SOAP method are two methods utilized by paramedics to complete the narrative portion of the patient care report. Which of the following is not a component of the CHARTE method?

Identify the following rhythm.

Policies for determining death in the field should be established by medical direction in accordance with state and local protocols. Determination of death is usually confirmed by which of the following signs?

A patient with torsades de pointes on the monitor and signs and symptoms of hypomagnesemia would most benefit from which of the following medications?

If a myocardial infarction patient presents with bradycardia and hypotension, which of the following is most likely the cause?

What does hyperventilating a patient with a closed head injury and increased intracranial pressure accomplish?

MCP orders you to bolus your trauma patient with a liter of lactated Ringer's solution. Which of the following will help the IV fluid run faster and more effectively?

Your adult trauma patient is in hypovolemic shock due to blood loss. Which of the following is most likely to occur from the switch to anaerobic metabolism?

You are called to assist a 23-year-old female patient with chest pain and dyspnea. On-scene, the patient reports she was taking care of her three-day-old newborn when the episode began suddenly. She is tachycardic, tachypneic, and has a current systolic blood pressure of 88 mmHg. Which of the following should you suspect may be causing her signs and symptoms until proven otherwise at the hospital?

Your adult patient was involved in a baseball accident in which a ball struck him in the face around the mandible. He is conscious and alert, denies loss of consciousness, but is not able to close his mouth. It appears as if he is yawning widely and is not able to return his face to a normal position. What is the most likely cause of this finding?

What is a serious adverse effect of prolonged atrial fibrillation?

Which of the following leads is not a unipolar lead?

You are taking vitals on a one-month-old female and find that her heart rate is 160. Based on your knowledge of pediatric cardiac function, what do you do?

Which lead is the most helpful in identifying a ventricular rhythm?

Which heart valve is located between the right atrium and the right ventricle?

You hook a patient up to a 12-lead EKG and see one spike, a normal P wave, a second spike, and a bizarre QRS complex. Based on your knowledge of irregular waveforms, you recognize this is caused by:

You walk into your patient’s room to check the EKG machine and see that the cord has an exposed wire. The wire is not touching the patient. Which of the following is the correct action for you to take?

You are called to assist a worker at a local fertilizer plant after he began experiencing rapid-onset agitation, anxiety, confusion, and dyspnea. During your assessment, his dyspnea increases with wheezing while his pulse rate decreases. Yet, he is found to be hypertensive without any history of high blood pressure. Which of the following would you suspect in this case?

COPD patients may present with electrocardiogram changes due to chronic hypoxemia. Which of the following EKG changes would you expect to see in an end-stage COPD patient with right atrial enlargement?

Which of the following conditions is considered an autoimmune disorder that can cause respiratory muscle paralysis as the disease progresses?

Your adult trauma patient is exhibiting the signs and symptoms associated with hypovolemic shock. What is the intravenous fluid of choice for adult patients with significant blood loss?

Which of the following incomplete spinal cord syndromes commonly occurs with hyperextension and/or flexion cervical spine injuries and presents with a greater loss of function in the upper extremities than in the lower extremities?

You are called to the scene of a cardiac arrest. On arrival, you find a 55-year-old male with a history of hypertension, COPD, and congestive heart failure, pulseless and apneic. His wife tells you that he collapsed about three minutes before your arrival. Your partner begins one-rescuer CPR, and another paramedic on-scene controls the airway. As you are applying your ECG leads, the patient’s wife tells you that she wants you to let him die in peace.

You are preparing to initiate rapid sequence intubation on a pediatric patient who is exhibiting a borderline hypotensive state. Which medication would be indicated as the first paralytic given, following sedation of the patient for the procedure?

A dissecting aortic aneurysm patient may present with bradycardia that is not necessarily related to the blood loss. Why is this the case?

You are ordered to administer 3 mg of morphine to a chest pain patient. In which of the following situations should morphine be administered with extreme caution?

While hiking at a local park, your adult patient has sustained a possible right tib/fib fracture with adequate distal pulses. He fell from one trail onto a lower trail (approximately 25-30 feet) and was knocked out briefly, per bystanders' reports. The trail that leads out of the area is narrow, uneven, has rocky terrain, and is 400 feet long. Which of the following extrication techniques would be most appropriate in this situation?

Which of the following would be the most appropriate pharmacological agent to treat a patient with atrial fibrillation accompanied by a rapid ventricular response when the patient does not have a history of Wolff-Parkinson-White syndrome in the pre-hospital setting?

If a paramedic commits a scope of practice violation, which of the following may result?

Which of the following would be an early sign of a possible aortic dissection?

Sighing is a slow, deep inspiration followed by a prolonged expiration and is thought to be a protective reflex. Which of the following is it thought to prevent?

You are treating a burn patient who has partial-thickness burns over 25% of his total body surface area. According to the classification of burn severity, to what category of injury does this patient belong?

You are called to the scene where a 36-year-old male was shot in the back while running away from an assailant. While treating and attempting to stabilize the patient, what should be done with the clothing he was wearing?

What is the next best course of action following identification of this rhythm in a unstable patient?

You are called to the residence of a terminally ill patient, with hospice and family present, to transport the patient to the hospital for confirmation of death. Once on scene, the family informs you the patient stopped breathing peacefully an hour prior to calling for EMS transport. They state he is an organ donor and present documentation to the fact. The patient is found asystolic and apneic with fixed, dilated pupils. There is also evidence of independent lividity and rigor mortis. Which of the following may qualify for organ donation?

You are on-scene with a chest pain patient who presents with hypotension and serious signs and symptoms of hypoperfusion. Once on the cardiac monitor, the conscious patient exhibits monomorphic ventricular tachycardia at a rate too fast to palpate manually and over 200 according to the monitor. Which of the following interventions would be most appropriate for this patient?

If a patient has stopped breathing due to a spinal cord injury, which of the following nerves is likely involved in the injury?

While evaluating the electrocardiogram tracing of a 60-year-old patient, you note the presence of deep, symmetrically-inverted T waves. The tracing also reveals normal QRS complex and P-R interval durations. The patient states he has a history of hypertension, heart disease, and high cholesterol but denies a past heart attack or stroke. What is the most likely cause of the electrocardiogram findings?

What is the drug of choice for an adult asthma patient who cannot tolerate nebulized beta-agonist treatments and is experiencing severe dyspnea with wheezing from bronchoconstriction?

You are preparing to intubate an apneic child who is 12 years old and weighs 29 kg. Which of the following endotracheal tube sizes would be most appropriate for this patient?