A group of individuals that belong to the same species and live in the same area

All the different populations that live together in an area

the study of factors that cause populations to increase or decrease

the total number of individuals within a defined area at a given time

the number of individuals per unit area at a given time

a description of how individuals are distributed with respect to one another

the ratio of males to females in a population

a description of how many individuals fit into particular age categories

still large base and small bottom but looks more like a proper triangle

very large young population on bottom, very small older population at top

Has indentations that even out and reflect slow growth over a period of time. Each age group Is narrowing and approaching the same size.

beehive, upside-down pyramid

limiting factor that depends on population size

a resource that a population cannot live without and that occurs in quantities lower than the population would require to increase in size (water, food supply, nest sites...)

the limit of how many individuals in a population the environment can sustain

limiting factor that affects all populations in similar ways, regardless of population size

the number of offspring an individual can produce in a given time period, minus the deaths of the individual or its offspring during the same period

the maximum potential for growth of a population under ideal conditions with unlimited resources

a growth model that estimates a population's future size (Nt) after a period of time (t), based on the intrinsic growth rate (r) and the number of reproducing individuals currently in the population (N0)

the curve of the exponential growth model when graphed

a growth model that describes a population whose growth is initially exponential, but slows as the population approaches the carrying capacity of the environment

the shape of the logistic growth model when graphed

when a population becomes larger than the environment's carrying capacity

a rapid decline in a population due to death from famine, disease and/or conflict

a species with a low intrinsic growth rate that causes the population to increase slowly until it reaches carrying capacity

a species that has a high intrinsic growth rate, which often leads to population overshoots and die-offs

See image

a graph that represents the distinct patterns of species survival as a function of age

strips of natural habitat that connect populations

The relationship between two species that live in close association with each other

the struggle between organisms to survive in a habitat with limited resources

no two species can occupy the same niche in the same habitat at the same time

when two species divide a resource based on differences in their behavior or morphology (temporal resource partitioning; spatial resource partitioning; morphological resource paritioning )

An interaction in which one organism kills another for food.

A relationship in which one organism lives on or in a host and harms it.

A relationship between two organisms in which one organism benefits and the other is unaffected

the human population could exceed Earth's carrying capacity

population size, birth and death rate, fertility, life expectancy, and migration

The scientific study of population characteristics.

the movement of people into one country from another for the purpose of settlement

movement of individuals out of an area

The total number of live births in a year for every 1,000 people alive in the society.

The total number of deaths in a year for every 1,000 people alive in the society.

the time required for a population to double in size

to find doubling time of a population, divide 70 by the percent of growth

The average number of children a woman will have throughout her childbearing years; affected by the age females have their first child, access to family planning, and government acts and policies

the total fertility rate required to offset the average number of deaths in a population in order to maintain the current population size; if the fertility rate is at its replacement level, it is considered relatively stable

a country with relatively high levels of industrialization and income

a country with relatively low levels of industrialization and income; higher infant mortality rates and and more children in the workforce than developed countries

The average number of years an individual can be expected to live, given current social, economic, and medical conditions.

the number of deaths of children under 1 year of age per 1000 live birth; influenced by access to healthcare and nutrition

the number of deaths of children under age 5 per 1,000 live births

a visual representation of the number of individuals within specific age groups for a country, typically expressed for males and females

an age structure diagram that is widest at the bottom and smallest at the top, typical of developing countries

continued population growth that does not slow in response to growth reduction measures

the theory that as a country moves from a subsistence economy to industrialization and increased affluence it undergoes a predictable shift in population growth

the practice of regulating the number or spacing of offspring through the use of birth control

wealth

Impact = Population x Affluence x Technology

Characterized by both high birthrates and high death rates resulting in a very low rate of natural increase

death rates fall dramatically, while birthrates remain high thus producing a rapid rise in the RNI

Birth rates rapidly decline, death rates continue to decline, and natural increase rates begin to moderate

Low RNI results from a combination of low birthrates and very low death rates

Negative Growth (death rates that exceed birth rates); countries such as Japan, Italy, and Germany

the maximum reproductive rate of a population in ideal conditions

(birth rate-death rate)/10

fertility; fruitfulness

a pattern of survival over time in which there is high survival throughout most of the life span, but then individuals start to die in large numbers as they approach old age; usually K-selected

a pattern of survival over time in which there is a relatively constant decline in survivorship throughout most of the life span

Experience the greatest mortality early on in life, with relatively low rates of death for those surviving. Usually r-selected.