neural tube definition?

forebrain definition?

buccopharyngeal membrane definition?

frontal process definition?

branchial grooves/pharyngeal grooves definition?

median nasal process definition?

lateral nasal process definition?

bridge of nose definition?

nasal pit definition?

describe and discuss the development of the pharynx?

describe and discuss the development of the nasal cavity?

describe and discuss the development of the thyroid gland?

what are the parts of the tongue?

describe the formation of the tongue ** (TEST)

body of tongue is made from? ** (TEST)

base of tongue is made from? ** (TEST)

what does the terminal sulcus of tongue do/what is it? ** (TEST)

what are epithelial rests of Malassez in terms of tooth development?

what is the epithelial diaphragm in terms of tooth development?

what is the definition of embryology?

what time range of development is the baby referred to as an "embryo"?

what time range of development is the baby referred to as a "fetus"?

what is the definition of growth?

what is the definition of development?

what week of development does facial development begin? ** (TEST)

what is another name for a birth defect?

during what developmental periods do most birth defects/congenital malformations occur?

what are some examples of birth defects/congenital malformations?

what are some causes of birth defects/congenital malformations?

what is a teratogen?

what is amniocentesis? **(TEST)

what substance commonly found in dental offices should be avoided when pregnant?

what are the 3 prenatal development stages? ** (TEST)

what period of development occurs the 1st week after conception?

what processes occur during the preimplantation period (1 week after conception)?

what happens at the end of the first week after conception (very end preimplantation period)?

what is the zygote called once it implants in the uterine wall?

what are the two main clinical implications occurring during the preimplantation period/right after implantation?

what are some characteristics of a person with Down Syndrome/Trisomy 21?

what is the name of the developmental period occurring between weeks 2-8?

during what week is the embryo recognizable/distinguishable (when can we tell the embryo is a human instead of a cat)?

what are the 5 processes that happen during the embryonic period (2nd-8th weeks) before the full, recognizable embryo is formed at the end?

what happens during the induction process in the embryonic period?

the proliferation process in the embryonic period includes which 2 types of controlled cellular growth?

what happens in appositional growth (during proliferation process)?

what happens in interstitial growth (during proliferation process)?

what occurs during the differentiation process in the embryonic period?

what are the 3 different types of differentiation that occur in the embryonic period?

what happens during the morphogenesis process in the embryonic period?

what happens during the maturation process in the embryonic period?

what happens during the 2nd week of embryonic development?

what does the placenta do for the embryo?

what 2 embryonic cell layers form within the blastocyst during week 2 of development?

what is the epiblast layer formed in week 2 of development?

what is the hypoblast layer formed in week 2 of development?

what occurs during the START of the 3rd week of embryonic development?

what are the two different ends of the bilaminar disc in week 3?

what will the cephalic end of the bilaminar disc in week 3 become in the future?

what will the caudal end of the bilaminar disc in week 3 become in the future?

during the 3rd week of development, what happens to the bilaminar disc as it acquires the 3 embryonic layers (ecto-, meso-, endo-derm)?

what 3 primary embryonic layers form during the MIDDLE of the 3rd development week? ** (TEST)

what does the ectoderm (external layer) form and where is it? **

what does the mesoderm (middle layer) form? **

what does the endoderm (internal layer) form? **

what happens at the END of the 3rd week of development?

what is known as the "4th embryonic layer" and what does it form from?

what do the neural crest cells form?

what is mesenchyme?

the future development of mesenchyme cells forms what?

what are the somites (formed by mesoderm at end of 3rd week)?

facial development begins during the 4th week of embryonic development: true or false?

what happens to make the future digestive tract form in week 4?

what does the digestive tract consist of during week 4?

what does the foregut do in week 4?

what do the midgut and hindgut do in week 4?

what happens at the very END of week 4? **

what are the 6 main clinical considerations with week 4 of embryonic development?

what is ectodermal dysplasia/what does it cause (can happen in week 4)?

what is Treacher Collins Syndrome (TCS)/what does it cause (can happen in week 4)?

what is fetal alcohol syndrome/what does it cause (can happen in week 4)?

what is syphilis/what does it cause (can happen in week 4)?

what is spina bifida/what does it cause (can happen in week 4)? ** (TEST)

what is rubella/what does it cause (can happen in week 4)?

what is the embryo called after the 9th week of development?

what is the main clinical consideration of the fetal period (2-9 months)?

what is a tetracycline stain & its cause?

what month are fetal heartbeats and movements usually detected?

facial development BEGINS in week 4, but when does it END?

in what directions does the face grow?

what age range (years) are the end of the final stages of the growth of the face (meaning it is mature and fits your final adult size)?

facial development includes the formation of what 5 main structures?

what 5 major Processes are involved in facial development (week 4-12)? ** (TEST)

of the 3 face growth regions (upper, mid, lower), which is the fastest developing and why?

what does the primitive mouth become at the beginning of the 4th week? ** (TEST)

does the caudal or cephalic end of the trilaminar disc/embryo form faster?

is the caudal end of the trilaminar disc/embryo the inferior or superior end?

where is the frontal process/frontonasal process located and what does it form?

what is Rathke's pouch/what does it form?

what does Meckel's cartilage form?

what are placodes?

what is the 1st branchial arch (for mandibular arch and lower face formation) made of and what covers it? ** (TEST)

what is the 1st part of the face to form after the stomodeum? What does this structure form in the future? **

what does the mesoderm form within the 1st branchial arch? **

what are two other names for the 1st branchial arch?

the 1st branchial arch forms during the 4th week of development: true or false?

does the frontonasal process and upper face formation occur in the 4th week?

what do the frontonasal processes combine to form on the face?

the nasal septum fuses with the plate at 8 weeks: true or false

what placode developments occur during the 4th week with upper face formation?

what 3 things contribute to the nose and paranasal sinus formation occurring during week 4 of upper face formation?

what will the medial nasal processes from week 4 eventually form?

what will the intermaxillary segment from week 4 eventually form?

what will the lateral nasal process from week 4 eventually form?

the maxillary process and midface formation occur during the 4th week and are formed from what arch? ** (TEST)

what direction does the midface formation during the 4th week grow in? **

what parts of the midface are formed during the 4th week of maxillary process and midface formation?

what midface formation starts to occur at the start of the 6th week? when does this formation finish? ** (TEST)

what is the clinical consideration for upper lip development (week 6-7)?

what is the most common formation of the upper lip cleft and in what gender? ** (TEST)

what is another name for the branchial arches & why do we call it that? ** (TEST)

what do the branchial arches consist of (tissue-wise)? ** (TEST)

the branchial arches that appear as a stack of bilateral swellings form during the 4th week: true or false? ** (TEST)

what 3 tissue types are in all of the branchial arches?

what does branchial arch #1 form? **

what does branchial arch #2 form? **

what do branchial arches #3 & 4 form? **

what do branchial arches #5 & 6 form? **

what is the clinical consideration with the branchial arches?

frontal process + branchial arch 1 develop what? ** (TEST)

during what week does palatal development begin? when is it complete?

what steps occur in the palatal development?

what does the right maxillary process form in terms of the palate formation?

what does the left maxillary process form in terms of the palate?

what does the globular process form in terms of the palate?

since the palatal development occurs between weeks 5 and 12, what two periods does it occur in?

what are the 3 palate formation sources (like which processes help form it)?

the 3 processes contributing to palate formation (right & left maxillary & globular) fuse by the 5th week: true or false?

what direction does the palate fuse from? ** (TEST)

when palatal fusion occurs around the 12th week, what does it cause the separation of? ** (TEST)

when the palates fuse, do soft or hard tissues begin to fuse 1st?

how does the tongue move to allow palate fusion?

there is vertical growth followed by horizontal growth for palate fusion: yes or no? **

what three parts have to fuse to officially complete the palate?

what does the posterior/secondary palate include (teeth)?

what teeth are in the primary/anterior palate?

what is the median palatine raphe/suture line formed from?

what two processes combine to form the secondary palate?

what causes a cleft palate?

what are some clinical considerations for palatal development?

is a bifid uvula a palatal cleft?

what % of people with cleft palates also have a cleft lip?

what is the most frequent congenital malformation?

which gender is more prone to cleft lips? how about cleft palates?

what are the causes of a cleft?

what are treatments for clefts?

what are the clinical significances of clefts (for dental)?

during what week range does lip formation occur? **

what 2 processes make the lip?

where does the corner of the mouth (like the labial commissures) form from?

tongue development BEGINS at the 4th week and is identifiable at what week? **

what is the source of the tongue development? ** (TEST)

what forms the posterior 1/3 of the tongue?

what is the foramen cecum, where is it, and what is its origin?

what are 2 tongue malformations?

what does the 3rd median swelling from BA4-6 form?

what tissue starts innervating oral tissue by week 3 (embryo)?

organ development starts at week 8: true or false **

what is odontogenesis? ** (TEST)

where does odontogenesis first begin in the mouth? ** (TEST)

what week range does odontogenesis begin in development? **

how many months in utero does calcification of primary teeth start? **

of the two main parts of the tooth (crown & root), which forms first with odontogenesis?

what is the last tooth to start formation and at what age does it occur?

what age range is the mixed dentition? how about the full dentition? ** (TEST)

how do we know that the crown develops first in the tooth and the root last?

what is proliferation in terms of tooth development?

what is histodifferentiation in terms of tooth development?

what is morphodifferentiation in terms of tooth development? **

what are the 3 growth terms associated with tooth development?

what are the 6 stages of the continuous process of tooth formation? ** (TEST)

of the 6 stages in the process of tooth formation, which comes first: bell or bud?

during the initiation stage (1st) of tooth formation, what is lines the stomodeum

what does the ectoderm lining the stomodeum become later on?

what does the oral epithelium form later on?

what is the dental lamina formed from? ** (TEST)

what does the dental lamina start formation as, where on the area does it start, and how many areas are there?

what does the primary dental lamina form? ** (TEST)

what does the secondary lamina form? ** (TEST)

what age does dental lamina initiation end?

what are the 2 main clinical considerations with the initiation stage of tooth formation?

what is anodontia?

what are some possible causes of anodontia within the human body systems?

what are supernumerary teeth?

what is one main cause of supernumerary teeth?

when does the bud stage of teeth begin? ** (TEST)

what happens in the bud stage? ** (TEST)

what are clinical considerations for the bud stage disturbances?

what is macrodontia?

what is microdontia and what teeth are commonly affected?

what is microdontia typically associated with?

what range of weeks does the cap stage occur in tooth formation? ** (TEST)

what happens in the cap stage?

during what stage of tooth development do teeth become "3 dimensional"?

what is the tooth germ composed of? ** (TEST)

what cells make enamel in the enamel organ part of tooth germ?

what cells make pulp and dentin in the dental papilla part of tooth germ?

what structures are formed from the dental sac in the tooth germ? ** (TEST)

while the primary teeth are in cap stage, what stage are permanent anterior teeth in?

what does succedaneous mean? ** (TEST)

what does non-succedaneous mean? ** (TEST)

where do each of the 3 parts of the tooth germ derive from (tissues/cells)? ** (TEST)

what are clinical considerations with the cap stage disturbances?

what is dens in dente? **

what is gemination? **

what is fusion in terms of cap stage disturbances? **

what is the ONLY way we can tell the difference between gemination and fusion? **

what are tubercles on teeth?

during what weeks does the bell stage of tooth formation occur? ** (TEST)

what happens during the bell stage? ** (TEST)

what are the 4 distinguishable layers formed during the bells stage, their function, and their composition? ** (TEST)

See image

See image

See image

what does the basement membrane formed in bell stage do?

what happens in the apposition stage, the 5th stage of tooth formation? ** (TEST)

what happens during the final stage of tooth formation, maturation?

how are preameloblasts formed?

where do preameloblasts move and what do they do?

specifically, how are odontoblasts made? ** (TEST)

when do odontoblasts begin dentinogenesis? ** (TEST)

what is the first mineralized tissue to form in the tooth and what makes it?

where does dentinogenesis begin to form dentin?

dentinogenesis occurs by apposition of a dentin matrix and/or by predentin from odontoblasts: true or false?

what process remains as dentin forms, causing there to be mineralized and unmineralized parts?

how does amelogenesis start to occur?

where is the enamel matrix secreted from? **

how does amelogensis, the formation of enamel, begin and what does it start after?

where does the formation of enamel begin first, where does it move then?

which is formed first in tooth development: dentin or enamel?

what are clinical considerations with the apposition and maturation stages of teeth?

what is enamel dysplasia?

what is enamel hypoplasia?

what is dental flurosis?

what is amelogenesis imperfecta?

what is dentin dysplasia?

where does root formation begin?

what determines the number of roots on a tooth and when is the root length complete? ** (TEST)

what does the root canal look like in early tooth development?

what is Hertwig's Root Sheath made from? ** (TEST)

where do root sheath cells come from, where is the reduced enamel epithelium from? ** (TEST)

what does a 2 or 3 root formation look like?

what happens when root dentin formation is completed?

what might cells of the root dentin become and what might they become involved with?

what is cementogenesis?

what are cementoblasts?

what is the clinical consideration of cementum formation disturbances?

how does multirooted tooth development work?

what are clinical considerations of root formation disturbances?

what are enamel pearls?

what are dilacerations?

what are accessory roots?

where are the PDL and alveolar process formed? how?

what is the role of odontoclasts in shedding primary teeth?

what is role of fibroclasts in shedding primary teeth?

what are the clinical considerations with the eruption process?

what is a nasmyth membrane?

what is a dentigerous cyst?

what are epithelial pearls?

what is an odontoma?

when does the initiation stage of tooth development begin? ** (TEST)