Qabaniso Malewezi, a spoken-word poet, has been recognized as one of Malawi’s leading writers. Malewezi __________ born in 1979 in Lilongwe.

[14] Which choice completes the text so that it conforms to the conventions of Standard English?

Trade was vital to the Sasanian Empire, which reigned in Mesopotamia from around 224 CE to 651 CE. Its merchants exported silk, textiles, and leather to neighboring societies. In exchange, they __________ valuable items, such as pottery, spices, and gemstones.

[15] Which choice completes the text so that it conforms to the conventions of Standard English?

NASA’s Spirit rover first touched down on Mars on July 4, 2004. The rover spent over six years gathering information about Mars’s rocky surface. Scientists playfully ________ one of the rocks it found Esperanza.

[16] Which choice completes the text so that it conforms to the conventions of Standard English?

Many ranching terms come from Spanish. For example, the word “lasso” (a rope) comes from the Spanish word lazo, and “stockade” (a fence) ________ from estacada. This is because the first Anglo, African, and Native American cattle ranchers in the southwestern US learned the trade from Spanish-speaking Mexican vaqueros, or cowboys.

[17] Which choice completes the text so that it conforms to the conventions of Standard English?

Edward Everett’s image was printed on $50 US banknotes in 1878, making the former US secretary of state one of many nonpresidents _____ on US currency.

[18] Which choice completes the text so that it conforms to the conventions of Standard English?

How a folktale begins depends largely on the language in which it originates. Many folktales in the Slovak language open with a phrase that roughly translates to “beyond seven mountains and seven valleys.” Tales in _______ the other hand, often begin with “once upon a time.”

[19] Which choice completes the text so that it conforms to the conventions of Standard English?

Because of its bulky body, the world’s first airplane, the 1903 Wright Flyer, was not very aerodynamic. Modern planes, like the F-4 Phantom II jet, have much sleeker, more streamlined bodies. ________ they are much more aerodynamic.

[20] Which choice completes the text with the most logical transition?

Certain phenotypes, such as lip color and eye shape, are passed from parents to their biological children through genes. These genes compose the individual’s genome, determining whether the child has rosy lips, for instance, or almond-shaped eyes. ________ these inherited traits may be passed along from the child to the child’s own descendants.

[21] Which choice completes the text with the most logical transition?

The visual magnitude of the star Dubhe is 1.79, making it the 34th-brightest star in the sky. The visual magnitude scale is reverse logarithmic; ______ the magnitude number of a brighter object is lower, not higher, than that of a less bright object. The star Acrux, with a visual magnitude of 0.76, is actually brighter than Dubhe (Acrux is the 13th-brightest star).

[22] Which choice completes the text with the most logical transition?

Two of the largest proposed offshore wind farms are Scotland’s Moray West farm, which would generate 1,866 megawatts of electricity (MW), and South Korea’s Sinan farm, which would generate 8,200 MW. ________ the most electricity generated by a single offshore wind farm is 1,218 MW.

[23] Which choice completes the text with the most logical transition?

While researching a topic, a student has taken the following notes:

- Game designer Erika Svanoe created a board game inspired by a work of fiction.

- The game features characters and events from the novel Pride and Prejudice.

- Game designer Rüdiger Dorn created a board game inspired by a work of fiction.

- The game features characters and events from the novel Journey to the Center of the Earth.

[24] The student wants to emphasize a similarity between the two board games. Which choice most effectively uses relevant information from the notes to accomplish this goal?

While researching a topic, a student has taken the following notes:

- Jupiter has ninety-five moons, including Callisto and Adrastea.

- Callisto completes an orbit of Jupiter in 16.69 Earth days on average.

- Adrastea completes an orbit of Jupiter in 0.30 Earth days on average.

- German mathematician and astronomer Johannes Kepler (1571–1630) described the orbits of planets as elliptical in shape rather than circular.

- Kepler published three laws of planetary motion to describe the orbits of planets around the Sun.

- Kepler’s laws also apply to the elliptical orbits of natural satellites (e.g., moons).

[25] The student wants to contrast the orbits of the two moons. Which choice most effectively uses relevant information from the notes to accomplish this goal?

While researching a topic, a student has taken the following notes:

- The Danube River is the second longest river in Europe.

- It passes through the country of Hungary.

- It passes through the country of Romania.

- It ranks No. 30 among the longest rivers in the world.

- It is 2,888 kilometers long.

[26] The student wants to specify which countries the Danube River passes through. Which choice most effectively uses relevant information from the notes to accomplish this goal?

While researching a topic, a student has taken the following notes:

- Need Money for Cars is a 2023 sculpture by American artist Beau Dunn.

- It consists of the title phrase ("need money for cars") spelled out in glowing white neon lighting.

- To make neon lighting, glass tubes are heated, molded into shape, and filled with gas.

- An electrical current is passed through the gas to make it glow.

[27] The student wants to explain what makes the neon sculpture glow. Which choice most effectively uses relevant information from the notes to accomplish this goal?

The following text is from Jacqueline Woodson’s 2018 novel Harbor Me .

My uncle is a musician and a storyteller. He says the hardest part of telling a story is finding the beginning.

[1] As used in the text, what does the word “part” most nearly mean?

Often, the Nobel Prize in Chemistry is given to a single person, such as Theodore William Richards in 1914. But recognition isn’t restricted to ___________ individuals. Instead, success in fields like chemistry is usually achieved through collaboration with other experts, as was the case for Jennifer Doudna, who was among those awarded for “the development of a method for genome editing.”

[2] Which choice completes the text with the most logical and precise word or phrase?

Summer Evening is an important work of Nihonga, or classical Japanese painting. Unlike Saeki Yūzō, who adopted traditional European methods such as painting with oil on canvas, Hashimoto Kansetsu __________ traditional Japanese approaches. For instance, Hashimoto produced Summer Evening by applying ink and light color to a silk scroll.

[3] Which choice completes the text with the most logical and precise word or phrase?

The following text is adapted from Adib Khorram’s 2018 novel Darius the Great Is Not Okay. The narrator, Darius, is a teenager visiting family in Iran. He and his friend Sohrab are at the entrance of the ruins of the ancient city of Persepolis.

“The Gate of All Nations,” Sohrab said. He gestured to the lamassus [sculptures] and pillars surrounding us. “That’s the name in English.”It wasn’t much of a gate anymore, since anyone of any nation could have easily stepped around it instead of walking through. But it was still amazing.Behind the lamassu, more columns sprouted from the ground like ancient trees in a petrified forest, forty feet tall, spindly but still miraculously upright. Giant stone slabs formed the remains of what must once have been a breathtaking structure.

[4] Which choice best describes the function of the underlined portion of the text?

The food industry has long used thermal technologies to preserve food in large batches. Recent advancements in microwave heating were made through research in Mexico on the preservation of corn flour and tortillas. Microwave heating is generally considered to be an improvement over more conventional thermal preservation methods: whereas conventional methods transfer energy from the surface of a food to its interior, microwave heating uses electromagnetic waves to generate heat within the food itself, thus reducing industrial cooking times.

[5] Which choice best describes the function of the underlined portion in the text as a whole?

Text 1

Despite how the Indian dish korma differs from Indonesia’s rendang, both dishes are described as a “curry.” The word’s history, however, is fraught. It’s a term created by British and Portuguese colonizers to refer to the myriad spiced sauces with ties to the Indian subcontinent. In 1973, chef Madhur Jaffrey dismissed the term “curry” as inaccurate, and in 2021 blogger Chaheti Bansal suggested that people abandon the term both for its colonial origin and for its failure to grasp the intricacies of India’s cuisines.

Text 2

Growing up in India, chef Chintan Pandya didn’t encounter the term “curry” often: his family didn’t cook curries, but some of his neighbors did. Although the blanket use of the term is rooted in colonialism, Pandya calls some of his dishes curries. Having traveled throughout India as part of his training, he came to appreciate the country’s diverse cuisines and the diverse uses of the term “curry.”

[6] Text 1 and Text 2 present points of view about which topic?

Though John Crowley, author of Engine Summer, is perhaps not as well known as the most commercially successful American writers of the past fifty years, his work has had several influential champions, including the poet James Merrill and the literary critic Harold Bloom. According to journalist Graeme Wood, Bloom claimed to have read Crowley’s novel Little, Big at least forty-six times, and in his posthumously published afterword to a 2022 edition of the book, Bloom called himself its “lifelong enthusiast” and described it as a “masterwork.”

[7] What does the text most strongly suggest about the work of John Crowley?

The Albertina Museum in Vienna, Austria, has over 1 million works of art. Digital images of hundreds of thousands of those works have been put online through the museum’s website and the Google Arts & Culture project. One of the images is of Self-Portrait, a drawing by Hendrick Goltzius. In a paper, a student claims that putting a work from the museum online increases the number of people who experience that work.

[10] Which finding, if true, would most directly support the underlined claim?

Elaine Ostrander led an international collaboration with Nicolas Dubos and other researchers to study the evolutionary history of size differences in modern dogs, including very small breeds such as Yorkshire terriers. The researchers determined that among dogs as a whole, there are many different variations of the gene that regulates the production of IGF-1 (insulin growth factor 1), a hormone that promotes growth. After reviewing the study, a student concludes that these variations must account for the observed variance in body size among dog breeds.

[11] Which quotation from a scientist not involved in the study would most directly undermine the student’s conclusion?

To better understand consumer loyalty to specific online retailers, Stevan Milisavljević and team conducted a survey using 58 statements as proxy indicators of customer experience with receiving goods purchased online. The statements were categorized by topic—e.g., statement 24, “It takes less effort to have the goods delivered to me versus going to the store,” was categorized as convenience—and respondents rated the importance of each statement to their experience. The researchers found that factors relating to package aesthetics were of low importance while those relating to speedy delivery and package tracking were of high importance; given the positive link between customer experience and customer retention that prior studies have established, these findings suggest that ____________

[12] Which choice most logically completes the text?

The National Educational Panel Study (NEPS) seeks to discover long-term trends related to education by compiling and analyzing evidence from approximately 60,000 participants in Germany. As with most longitudinal studies, extensive funding support is needed for NEPS to collect the relevant data over timescales and at intervals that will support robust conclusions. But the quality of a more constrained investigation, such as a transportation study seeking only to yield the average number of people per day who use a city’s public transportation system, is much less dependent on high levels of funding because __________

[13] Which choice most logically completes the text?