Infanta Catalina Michaela of Austria (1585) is one of dozens of remaining works by Sofonisba Anguissola. Currently, her painting _____ at the Prado Museum in Madrid, where visitors can view the Italian Renaissance artist’s work on display.

[16] Which choice completes the text so that it conforms to the conventions of Standard English?

Although the epic poem Raghuvamsa dates back to the 4th century, _____ compelling narrative still captivates readers today.

[17] Which choice completes the text so that it conforms to the conventions of Standard English?

Rumsen Ohlone artist Linda Yamane’s mastery of traditional weaving techniques is apparent in her expertly crafted baskets, which typically are woven from willow (a strong and flexible material) and _____ colorful beading.

[18] Which choice completes the text so that it conforms to the conventions of Standard English?

The declination, or celestial latitude, of the Aurigid meteor shower’s radiant—the point in the sky from which, to a terrestrial observer, the shower’s meteors appear to _____ meaning that its radiant is located 39 degrees north of the celestial equator, in close proximity to the constellation Auriga.

[19] Which choice completes the text so that it conforms to the conventions of Standard English?

To appreciate what scholars believe to be the allegorical intent of Munch’s 19th-century painting ______ to embody the existential anxiety that can occur when facing the unknown—a viewer must become familiar with the painting’s symbolic elements.

[20] Which choice completes the text so that it conforms to the conventions of Standard English?

In Spain, citizens must be at least 18 years old to vote in their country’s elections. _____ citizens in Brazil need only be 16 years old to cast their vote.

[21] Which choice completes the text with the most logical transition?

In contrast to first-past-the-post electoral processes, the proportional representation system by which Sweden’s Parliament is elected begins with citizens casting their votes not for specific candidates but for political parties. _____ once the votes have been tabulated, each party is awarded a number of seats proportional to the number of votes it received.

[22] Which choice completes the text with the most logical transition?

The timing of geyser eruptions in Yellowstone National Park is highly dependent on the individual geyser. For instance, Castle Geyser, in Yellowstone’s Upper Geyser Basin, erupts at regular intervals, 10 to 12 hours apart. _____ predicting Castle Geyser’s next eruption with some accuracy is feasible.

[23] Which choice completes the text with the most logical transition?

While researching a topic, a student has taken the following notes:

- The Great Salt Lake in Utah is one of the world's saltiest bodies of water.

- The northern portion of the lake has a higher concentration of salt than the southern portion.

- Aquatic insects called Ephydra cinerea live in the southern portion.

- Bacteria called Nodularia live in the southern portion.

[24] The student wants to emphasize a difference between Ephydra cinerea and Nodularia. Which choice most effectively uses relevant information from the notes to accomplish this goal? Which choice most effectively uses relevant information from the notes to accomplish this goal?

While researching a topic, a student has taken the following notes:

- Elizabeth Catlett (1915–2012) was a celebrated African American artist.

- She is best known for creating sculptures and prints that explore the Black experience.

- Star Gazer is a 1997 sculpture by Catlett.

- Dancing is a 1990 print by Catlett.

[25] The student wants to provide an example of one of Catlett’s sculptures. Which choice most effectively uses relevant information from the notes to accomplish this goal?

While researching a topic, a student has taken the following notes:

- Artist James Jebusa Shannon of the US won a Carnegie Prize gold medal in 1897.

- The Carnegie Prize is an international art competition.

- It is administered by the Carnegie Museum of Art in Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania.

- Shannon’s winning artwork was a painting entitled Miss Kitty.

[26] The student wants to identify the painting for which Shannon won a Carnegie Prize gold medal. Which choice most effectively uses relevant information from the notes to accomplish this goal?

While researching a topic, a student has taken the following notes:

- Onomatopoeias are words that imitate the sounds they represent.

- Onomatopoeias used to represent the same sound often vary from language to language.

- This variation is due in part to differences in how languages are structured.

- “Pēng pēng” is a Mandarin Chinese onomatopoeia that represents the sound of a heartbeat.

- “Dup dap dup dap” is a Malay onomatopoeia that represents the sound of a heartbeat.

- The term “onomatopoeia” combines the Greek words for “name” (onoma) and “to make” (poiein).

[27] The student wants to provide a specific example of onomatopoeia. Which choice most effectively uses relevant information from the notes to accomplish this goal?

The following text is from Lilliam Rivera's 2020 novel Never Look Back. The text describes the arrival of the narrator's neighbor Penelope and her cousin.

Penelope turns to the car and holds the door open. A girl about our age steps out. She has a thick curtain of long, coily hair that practically engulfs her. I've never seen her before. Penelope hugs the girl, and they walk into the building.

[1] As used in the text, what does the word “practically” most nearly mean?

The Apollo Moon landings (1969–1972) brought charged particle detectors and equipment too heavy for liftoff to the Moon and produced large amounts of data, much of which was stored on outdated technologies. A data-transfer project is making the data available again, thereby _____ the Apollo data’s usefulness, as the data are used to study the long-term effects of being on the Moon.

[2] Which choice completes the text with the most logical and precise word or phrase?

As with other river deltas, the Krishna River delta is _____: it is a constantly evolving network of channels and strips of land that change in size and shape as the river deposits new sedimentary particles where the river meets the waters of the Bay of Bengal.

[3] Which choice completes the text with the most logical and precise word or phrase?

Postcranial skeletal pneumaticity (PSP) refers to the presence of extensions of an animal’s lungs and air sacs inside its bones. Though such structures do not typically fossilize, they are believed to have been present in Tyrannosaurus, Sauroposeidon, and other Cretaceous theropods and sauropods. To _____ PSP from fossils, researchers look for indicators such as large foramina (holes in bones).

[4] Which choice completes the text with the most logical and precise word or phrase?

Economists have long observed that firms in related industries tend to cluster in the same area, as is the case in Birmingham, UK, where many initial iron and steel processing firms as well as iron and steel tube manufacturers are located. The factors causing such clustering are _____: what drives firms in certain industries to cluster may not be especially relevant among other industries.

[5]Which choice completes the text with the most logical and precise word or phrase?

A microgenre is a specialized genre consisting of a comparatively small number of stylistically similar artists. The microgenre of electronic music known as hyperpop emerged in the 2010s, with American musician Laura Les as an early exponent. Her combination of dense synthesizer arrangements and metallic percussion with vocals electronically shifted in pitch above her natural range exemplifies the hyperpop sound. More recently, British recording artist Charli XCX has contributed to that sound by incorporating pop melodies into it.

[6] Which choice best describes the function of the underlined sentence?

The following text is adapted from George Eliot’s 1857 short story The Sad Fortunes of the Rev. Amos Barton. Mr. Ely is a clergyman in the town of Milby.

By the laity of Milby and its neighbourhood [Mr. Ely] was regarded as a man of quite remarkable powers and learning, who must make a considerable sensation in London pulpits and drawing-rooms on his occasional visit to the metropolis; and by his brother clergy he was regarded as a discreet and agreeable fellow. Mr. Ely never got into a warm discussion; he suggested what might be thought, but rarely said what he thought himself; he never let either men or women see that he was laughing at them, and he never gave any one an opportunity of laughing at him.

[7] Which choice best describes the overall structure of the text?

Historians point to the rule of the Piast dynasty as crucial to the formation of the Polish state. But some differentiate between members of the dynasty like Otto Bolesławowic, who ruled as duke in 1032 CE, and less well-documented figures like Siemowit, who is said to have ruled in the 9th century but whose historical actuality is disputed. Siemowit appears in the Gesta principum Polonorum, an authentic chronicle of medieval Polish history written in the 12th century. But the chronicle’s documentation of Siemowit relies on oral tradition, unlike its records of later rulers.

[8] Which choice best describes the main purpose of the text?

Women like Grace Murray Hopper made important early contributions to the history of US cryptology, a field concerned with secure data communication and storage. Hopper was a US naval admiral and computer scientist who coined the term “debugging” and invented the first compiler program for translating computer code. In this way, Hopper and others like her helped make it possible for more women—such as Dr. Loyce Pailen, who currently works in and teaches cybersecurity—to enter the field of cryptology.

[9] Which choice best states the main idea of the text?

Scientists have known for a long time that several primates other than humans use tools. For example, in Thailand, they have observed crab-eating macaques using stone tools to open nuts and oysters. However, according to recent research, nonprimate animals employ objects as tools as well. Dolphins use sponges to protect their noses from scratches when foraging on the seafloor, and greater vasa parrots use date pits to grind seashells into calcium powder.

[10] What does the text most strongly suggest about the crab-eating macaques in Thailand?

Susette Castañeda-Rico and colleagues relied on historical DNA (hDNA)—genomic data incidentally preserved in specimens housed in collections such as those at the American Museum of Natural History—to investigate the evolutionary trajectory of Peromyscus mekisturus (a rodent species). Although this approach can yield many insights about the biological past, it remains a relatively underutilized resource in part because hDNA is often to some extent degraded, a situation not easily remediable under current methodological paradigms and with extant DNA extraction and analysis technologies.

[11] Which choice best states the main idea of the text?

The Age of Innocence is a 1920 novel by Edith Wharton set in 1870s New York City. In the novel, Newland Archer attends an opera. The narrator describes Newland’s tendency to follow the social conventions dictated by other men of New York City society who are in the audience:_____

[13] Which quotation from The Age of Innocence best illustrates the claim?

Quasars-such as CTA 102, located in the Pegasus constellationare extremely luminous galactic nuclei powered by supermassive black holes. Quasars range in age, with approximately 200 of them known to have developed within the first billion years of the formation of the universe. Cosmologists have long wondered how any quasars could have formed so early in the universes evolution given that conditions are believed to have been ill-suited to their creation, which suggests that _____

[14] Which choice most logically completes the text?

Central Vermont’s Orange County is among the most rural counties in the United States: the US Census Bureau classified it as 97.2% rural in 2010. Researchers studying populations of counties like Orange often struggle to recruit and retain participants. Melissa Valerio and colleagues tested whether a method called snowball sampling could improve recruitment and retention. Working in two rural counties, the researchers identified a small number of people who had the characteristics desired for a proposed study and asked them to recruit additional participants from their social networks. Valerio and colleagues found that participants recruited via snowball sampling showed a much higher retention rate than did people recruited by strangers, suggesting that _____

[15] Which choice most logically completes the text?