As part of his effort to identify Bronze Age pathways across Sicily, archaeologist DarioCalderone created three-dimensional digital models of the terrain via aerialphotogrammetry. The drone _____ the landscape, which included archaeological sites fromas far back as the Early Neolithic Period, flew in a pattern that ensured 60 percent forwardoverlap and 20 percent side overlap between individual images.

[14] Which choice completes the text so that it conforms to the conventions of StandardEnglish?

The Egyptian calendar ___ three seasons: Akhet (the inundation season), Peret (thegrowing season), and Shemu (the harvest season).

[15] Which choice completes the text so that it conforms to the conventions of StandardEnglish?

In World War II, US cryptanalyst Ann Caracristi _____ a code revealing the locations ofenemy supply ships.

[16] Which choice completes the text so that it conforms to the conventions of StandardEnglish?

Jose Guerrero, an American abstract painter whose works are distinctive for their energeticbrushstrokes, _____ frequently included in the mid-twentieth-century art movement theNew York School, whose members were known for capturing the energy and chaos ofmodern living in paint.

[17] Which choice completes the text so that it conforms to the conventions of StandardEnglish?

Water is constantly moving and changing forms on Earth and in the atmosphere. Thisprocess is called the water cycle, and it is typically thought to consist of evaporation, condensation, and precipitation. However, the National Oceanic and AtmosphericAdministration seeks _____ understanding of the water cycle to include transpiration, sublimation, and other types of water movement.

[18] Which choice completes the text so that it conforms to the conventions of StandardEnglish?

In the seventeenth century, market-savvy British greenhouses scrambled to cultivate ___the small group of wealthy consumers who could afford to import them from the Caribbean, the fruits had become a status symbol.

[19] Which choice completes the text so that it conforms to the conventions of StandardEnglish?

Many ranching terms come from Spanish. For example, the word “rodeo” (a roundup) _____ from the Spanish word rodear, and “cinch” (a belt) derives from cincho. This isbecause the first Anglo, African, and Native American cattle ranchers in the southwesternUS learned the trade from Spanish-speaking Mexican vaqueros, or cowboys.

[20] Which choice completes the text so that it conforms to the conventions of StandardEnglish?

William Bowditch’s home in Massachusetts was one of dozens of stops on the undergroundrailroad (the network of people and places that some enslaved people used to escape tofreedom). The word “underground” may lead one to assume that Bowditch kept hisantislavery views a secret. ______ his views were quite well known.

[21] Which choice completes the text with the most logical transition?

The moon Dia orbits Jupiter in the same direction that the planet rotates. ________ Dia’sorbit is described as prograde. Helike, another of Jupiter’s moons, orbits in the oppositedirection, so its orbit is described with the opposite term: retrograde.

[22] Which choice completes the text with the most logical transition?

To determine the approximate age of ocher artifacts excavated from an archaeological sitein China, archaeologist Fa-Gang Wang and colleagues collected samples of sedimentssurrounding the ocher artifacts; these samples were then analyzed using a method knownas optically stimulated luminescence (OSL) dating. ____ OSL dating indicated that the ocherartifacts were between 39,000 and 41,000 years old.

[23] Which choice completes the text with the most logical transition?

While researching a topic, a student has taken the following notes: - There are around 90 automated snow measurement sites in Wyoming. - One site is at Cottonwood Creek. - At the start of February 2021, the site's snow depth was 75 inches. - At the start of March 2021, the site's snow depth was 50 inches.

[24] The student wants to specify the snow depth at Cottonwood Creek at the start ofMarch 2021. Which choice most effectively uses relevant information from the notes toaccomplish this goal?

While researching a topic, a student has taken the following notes: - There are around 90 automated snow measurement sites in Wyoming. - One site is at Blind Bull Summit. - At the start of February 2021, the site’s snow depth was 68 inches. - At the start of March 2021, the site’s snow depth was 47 inches.

[25] The student wants to specify the snow depth at Blind Bull Summit at the start ofMarch 2021. Which choice most effectively uses relevant information from the notes toaccomplish this goal?

While researching a topic, a student has taken the following notes:

- Elizabeth Catlett (1915–2012) was a celebrated African American artist.

- She is best known for creating sculptures and prints that explore the Black experience.

- Recognition is a 1970 marble sculpture by Catlett.

- Magic Mask is a 1990 marble sculpture by Catlett.

[26] The student wants to emphasize a similarity between the two sculptures. Whichchoice most effectively uses relevant information from the notes to accomplish this goal?

While researching a topic, a student has taken the following notes:

- The writer Effie Lee Newsome published the poem “The Bird in the Cage” (1927) in TheCrisis. - The writer James Weldon Johnson published the poem “To America” (1917) in The Crisis.

- The Crisis is an influential Black literary magazine.

[27] The student wants to emphasize a similarity between Newsome and Johnson. Whichchoice most effectively uses relevant information from the notes to accomplish this goal?

The following text is from Lilliam Rivera’s 2020 novel Never Look Back. The text describes the narrator arriving at his father’s apartment.

“Pops, I’m here!” I drop my bag and set my guitar case against a wall. I place my keys on the bowl right next to the ceramic elephant Pops got me on one of his trips to Santo Domingo when I was a little kid.

[1] As used in the text, what does the word “drop” most nearly mean?

The following text is from Rudolfo Anaya’s 1972 novel Bless Me, Ultima. Theyoung narrator and his friend Cico are staring into the water of a stream in ruralNew Mexico. The golden fish swam by gracefully, cautiously, as if testing the water after along sleep in his subterranean waters. His powerful tail moved in slow strokes ashe slid through the water towards us.

[2] As used in the text, what does the word “testing” most nearly mean?

The 1978 recording “Two Doors Down” established Dolly Parton as a key figurein pop music. But before she dabbled in pop, her singing and songwriting hadbeen —— the traditional folk music of the Appalachian Mountains. For example, “Little Bird,” one of her best early songs, is clearly influenced by the phrasingand subject matter of Appalachian ballads.

[3] Which choice completes the text with the most logical and precise word orphrase?

In her book Limitarianism, researcher Ingrid Robeyns criticizes economic policiesthat allow businesses to profit from their successes while displacing the burdenof failure onto taxpayers. As an example she cites the US financial crisis of 2008in which dozens of institutions including JPMorgan Chase and SunTrust receiveda collective $700 billion of government support. Had the US governmentpreviously exercised stricter regulation of risky financial instruments, Robeynsargues, this enormous expenditure of taxpayer dollars would not have beennecessary.

[4] Which choice best states the main topic of the text?

Life Among the Paiutes is an 1882 autobiographical narrative by SarahWinnemucca Hopkins, a Northern Paiute author, educator, and activist. In thework, Winnemucca directly addresses the reader to explain certain customs, writing---------

[5] Which quotation from Life Among the Paiutes most effectively illustratesthe claim?

Seventeenth-century Flemish artist Clara Peeters played a crucial role in thehistory of still-life painting. At a time when historical paintings were thepreferred genre—indeed, at a time when there wasn’t even a term for still-lifepainting in Peeters’s language—Peeters painted food, flowers, fish, and game. Her influence spread throughout Western Europe and she became so stronglyassociated with the genre that painters who took up similar subjects weresometimes described as belonging to the “circle of Peeters.”

[6] Which choice best states the main idea of the text?

The Wonderful Wizard of Oz is a 1900 novel by L. Frank Baum. In the novel, Dorothy travels to meet the Wizard of Oz, an important figure in a place calledthe Emerald City. The text presents a contrast between the Wizard of Oz’s self- presentation and reality: ______

[7]Which quotation from The Wonderful Wizard of Oz most effectivelyillustrates the claim?

The interiors of many temples in the ancient Middle East needed to satisfy aprecise set of acoustic demands: the sounds of chants and hymns should travelwith clarity, while profound silences should be fully felt and appreciated. In aresearch paper, a student claims that the users of one such temple were awareof how the materials that were used within the structure could affect soundquality and that they deliberately applied this knowledge to influence howsound was experienced in the space.

[8] Which quotation from a work by a historian would most directly supportthe student’s claim?

The fifteenth-century English Heege Manuscript is unusual among collections of itskind and time given its focus on scary stories over more acclaimed works bycelebrated medieval authors like Hoccleve. But according to professor James Wade, even more unusually, the three texts in the manuscript’s first booklet were likelycopied by Richard Heege from a traveling minstrel’s repertoire book. The evidenceincludes performative elements such as the narrator directly appealing to theaudience, joking about peasants and royalty, and making jokes that could bemodified to refer to the town of Holbrooke when in nearby Radford to avoid givingoffense.

[10] As presented in the text, Wade would most likely agree with which statementabout the first booklet of the Heege Manuscript?

Alternative-history fiction is a subgenre of science fiction in which plots center on“what if?” questions. What if India had started the Industrial Revolution? What ifSoviet cosmonauts had been first to land on the moon? Speculative counterfactualslike these can be great fodder for stories, but they’re also commonly deployed byacademic historians to better understand factors influencing historical events. Well- realized and coherent alternative-history stories can thus complement historians’ speculations about the past.

[11] Which choice best describes the function of the underlined portion in the textas a whole?

Text 1

France has long used gross domestic product (GDP), the market value of the goods andservices produced in a given period, as a key metric for national progress and well-being. Although GDP has value as an economic metric, myriad other factors influence people’squality of life to varying degrees, and it would be wrong to assume that a rising GDPnecessarily equates to increasing societal well-being.

Text 2

Recognizing that a country’s progress rests on both economic and noneconomic factors, in2011 a government agency in the United Kingdom began surveying citizens to gauge qualityof life. By assessing indicators in multiple domains—such as social relationships andprofessional and community activity—rather than relying solely on GDP, the UnitedKingdom gains a truer understanding of its national well-being.

[13] Based on the texts, the author of Text 1 would most likely agree with whichstatement about “social relationships” and “professional and community activity,” mentioned in Text 2?