The 1958 poem "The Ghost's Leavetaking" by American author Sylvia Plath --------the first useof the word "dreamscape."

[15] Which choice completes the text so that it conforms to the conventions of StandardEnglish?

Florence Esté and Lily Everett were among the 300 artists who exhibited at the 1913 Armory Show, a groundbreaking New York City art exhibition that introduced modernism to American audiences. Though shocking at the time, an abstract cubist painting exhibited by Marcel Duchamp—one of several works that received scorn from critics—________ the Western art canon more than a century later.

[16] Which choice completes the text so that it conforms to the conventions of Standard English?

Increasing the heat on an uncovered boiling pot of water does not increase the temperature of the water. What increases is the rate at which the water turns to _____ a pressure cooker pot, though, an airtight seal traps the vapor in the pot, creating pressure that allows the temperature of the water to increase past its boiling point.

[17] Which choice completes the text so that it conforms to the conventions of Standard English?

Each year, a Nobel Prize in Literature is given to an author who has, in the words of its founder Alfred Nobel, "produced the most outstanding work in an idealistic _____ in 1912, for instance, judges recognized Gerhart Johann Robert Hauptmann "[for] his fruitful, varied and outstanding production in the realm of dramatic art.”

[18] Which choice completes the text so that it conforms to the conventions of Standard English?

With a blend of traditional design elements, such as arched Gothic ceilings, and modern ones, such as floor-to-ceiling _____ design splits the difference between old and new, a mixture that is increasingly seen in home interiors in the US.

[19] Which choice completes the text so that it conforms to the conventions of Standard English?

Paintings by the renowned twentieth-century US _____ were featured in Artist to Artist, an exhibition at the Smithsonian Art Museum that paired the works of artists whose career trajectories intersected in meaningful ways.

[20] Which choice completes the text so that it conforms to the conventions of Standard English?

In March 1862, John Ahoy joined the US Navy, where he went on to serve aboard the USS Pinola during the US Civil War. _____ he earned a place in US history as one of the war's few Chinese-born American soldiers.

[21] Which choice completes the text with the most logical transition?

The London Array, an offshore wind farm located off the coast of England, produces about 630 megawatts (MW) of electricity per year. ________ England's Hornsea Project One offshore wind farm, which generates the most power of any single offshore farm, produces 1,218 MW of electricity.

[22] Which choice completes the text with the most logical transition?

In 1974, Mexican chemist Mario Molina and US chemist F. Sherwood Rowland discovered that chemicals called CFCs were harmful to the ozone layer. Their research was extremely influential in the fight against CFCs. _____ it laid the foundation for a 1987 treaty that phased out the use of CFCs across the globe.

[23] Which choice completes the text with the most logical transition?

Generally, sleek vehicles are more aerodynamic than bulkier ones. The streamlined nose of the Airbus A320 jet, ________, helps it glide through wind with relative ease, while a boxy pickup truck encounters more wind resistance, making it less aerodynamic.

[24] Which choice completes the text with the most logical transition?

While researching a topic, a student has taken the following notes:

Springtails are a group of noninsect hexapods (six-legged animals).

Researchers Claudia Marcela Ospina-Sánchez, Felipe N. Soto-Adames, and Grizelle González conducted a study to determine how many springtail species are present in Puerto Rico.

They found a total of 146 springtail species.

They found 1 springtail species belonging to the genus Hemisotoma.

They found 3 springtail species belonging to the genus Sphaeridia.

[25] Which choice most effectively uses information from the given sentences to present the study and its findings?

While researching a topic, a student has taken the following notes:

A merchant vessel is any ship hired to carry cargo or passengers. Common merchant vessels include bulk carriers, cruise liners, and oil tankers.

A vessel's carrying capacity is also known as its deadweight tonnage (DWT).

In 2021, there were a total of 1,236 merchant vessels registered in Greece.

The combined DWT of these vessels was 64.9 million tons.

[26] The student wants to explain what a merchant vessel is and provide examples. Which choice most effectively uses relevant information from the notes to accomplish this goal?

While researching a topic, a student has taken the following notes:

- Musicians around the world have used protest songs to raise awareness about human rights violations.

- US folk singer Aunt Molly Jackson released the protest song Poor Miner27s Farewell in 1932.

- It exposed the unlivable wages and dangerous working conditions coal miners faced in Kentucky during the 1920s and 1930s.

- South African singer-songwriter Hugh Masekela released the protest song Bring Him Back Home in 1987.

- It called on the South African government to free Nelson Mandela, an anti-apartheid leader who'd been unjustly imprisoned.

[27] The student wants to contrast the song Poor Miner's Farewell with the song Bring Him Back Home. Which choice most effectively uses relevant information from the notes to accomplish this goal?

Becoming a member of the organization Indigenous Photograph has helped Sara Aliaga Ticona (Aymara) to _____ her work with an audience beyond Bolivia, where she's from. The organization's database of members is used by photography editors and others in the media industry around the world.

[1] Which choice completes the text with the most logical and precise word or phrase?

Since the Hubble Space Telescope was launched into space in 1990, astronauts have needed to complete regular missions to repair the telescope and keep it working smoothly. Researchers hope that robots will soon be able to make these repairs. Employing robots instead of humans to make repairs will be helpful, as _____ astronauts to maintain the telescope can be expensive.

[2] Which choice completes the text with the most logical and precise word or phrase?

In 1776, the United States sent Benjamin Franklin to France to try to win the country's support in the United States' fight for independence from Great Britain. Franklin was very popular in France. This _____ surely helped him to convince France to assist the United States.

[3] Which choice completes the text with the most logical and precise word or phrase?

The creation of Lotte Reiniger's 1926 animated film The Adventures of Prince Achmed was _____ process. Over the course of three years, Reiniger and her collaborators painstakingly made more than 250,000 individual images of hand-cut paper silhouettes and repeatedly had to invent entirely new methods and tools to create the special effects Reiniger envisioned.

[4] Which choice completes the text with the most logical and precise word or phrase?

The following text is from Yung Wing's 1909 memoir My Life in China and America. Yung Wing was the first American college graduate of Chinese heritage; Phoebe Brown was the first prominent female hymn writer in the United States.

I look back upon my acquaintance with Mrs. Phoebe H. Brown with a mingled feeling of respect and admiration. She certainly was a remarkable New England woman—a woman of surpassing strength of moral and religious character. Those who have had the rare privilege of reading her stirring biography, will, I am sure, bear me out in this statement. She went through the crucible of unprecedented adversities and trials of life and came out one of the rare shining lights that beautify the New England sky.

[5]Which choice best describes the function of the reference to Brown's biography in the text as a whole?

The following text is from Mary Shelley's 1818 novel Frankenstein. Victor Frankenstein, who is narrating this portion of text, describes the state of scientific knowledge as he began his own study of the natural world.

The untaught peasant beheld the elements around him and was acquainted with their practical uses. The most learned philosopher knew little more. He had partially unveiled the face of Nature, but her immortal lineaments were still a wonder and a mystery. He might dissect, anatomise, and give names, but, not to speak of a final cause, causes in their secondary and tertiary grades were utterly unknown to him. I had gazed upon the fortifications and impediments that seemed to keep human beings from entering the citadel of nature, and rashly and ignorantly I had repined.

[6] Which choice best describes the function of the underlined sentence in the text as a whole?

In the 1940s, Evelyn Cunningham worked for the Pittsburgh Courier, focusing on coverage of the early civil rights movement. Cunningham's accomplishment is just one example of the rich history of Black journalism in the United States. That history is preserved by the National Association of Black Journalists, which was founded in Washington, D.C. in 1975 to support Black media professionals and honor people like Cunningham.

[7] Which choice best states the main idea of the text?

Why do ocelots purr but jaguars roar? Researchers hypothesize that this difference between the two feline species may be partly due to a U-shaped bone in their throats called the hyoid. Ocelots, which are much smaller than jaguars, have a rigid hyoid that rumbles when the cat's larynx vibrates, resulting in a purr. By contrast, jaguars have a somewhat flexible hyoid, and the bone is attached to the skull with a stretchy ligament that ocelots lack. These traits allow jaguars and most other species of big cats to produce powerful roars. The same traits may also prevent most big cats from purring.

[8] Which choice best states the main idea of the text?

"Coyote" is an example of a loanwordthat is, a word that originated in one language and was later adopted by another. The word came to English indirectly from coyote, the Spanish word for the wild canine species. Spanish had borrowed it from Nahuatl, an Indigenous language of Central Mexico, in which the word's original form is coyotl. "Condor" also has an Indigenous origin and entered English through Spanish, but in this case, the original source was Quechua, a language of South America, in which the word for the large vulture species is kuntur.

[9] Which choice best states the main idea of the text?

Many believe that lullabies, characterized by their slow tempos, contain some acoustic features that are universally calming to infants. In a study, Constance M. Bainbridge and colleagues played both a lullaby sung in the Luk Saami language and a non-lullaby sung in the Tundra Nenets language to a group of infants. The researchers also measured the infants’ heart rates, as a reduced heart rate is considered a measure of relaxation. They claim that the lullaby did indeed relax the infants.

[10] Which finding, if true, would most directly support Bainbridge and colleagues' claim?

A Pair of Silk Stockings is an 1897 short story by Kate Chopin. In the story, Mrs. Sommers is depicted as sometimes making decisions without conscious deliberation: ______

[11] Which quotation from A Pair of Silk Stockings most effectively illustrates the claim?

Psychologists Gregory Bryant, Dorsa Amir, and colleagues investigated cross-cultural perceptions of spontaneous (real) laughter and volitional (fake or forced) laughter. Study participants from 21 societies, including those in Austria and Turkey, listened to randomized recordings of 18 spontaneous laughs taken from natural conversations between pairs of women and 18 volitional laughs produced separately by 18 different women in response to an experimenter's instruction to laugh. Analysis of the participants' evaluations of the laughs prompted the team to conclude that the ability to distinguish between spontaneous and volitional laughter appears to be universal across cultures.

[12] Which quotation from a psychologist not involved in the team's study would most directly weaken the team's conclusion?

There are over 150 species of the cactus genus Mammillaria throughout the Americas, but their survival can be threatened by high precipitation and dense vegetation that blocks sunlight. Researchers have located species from the genus in almost every state in Mexico, with several of them, like M. knippeliana, restricted to only one state. The fact that this genus has not been observed in eastern and western Coahuila has been attributed to a lack of appropriate habitat, but much of the landscape in this area is notoriously inaccessible, which suggests that _______

[14] Which choice most logically completes the text?