Indonesia joined the international police organization Interpol in 1952. As a member, Indonesia is required _____ other Interpol countries with access to its law enforcement databases.

[14] Which choice completes the text so that it conforms to the conventions of Standard English?

South Carolina politician Robert C. De Large was one of the nearly two thousand African Americans who won a public office between the years 1865 and 1877, which would _____

[15] Which choice completes the text so that it conforms to the conventions of Standard English?

Museo de Arte Dr. Pío López Martínez is an art museum in Cayey, Puerto Rico. It’s one of more than eighty museums in the US territory. Puerto Rico’s _____ showcase everything from the territory’s art to its architecture to its coffee.

[16] Which choice completes the text so that it conforms to the conventions of Standard English?

At Playhouse West in Los Angeles, California, students can learn the world-famous Meisner technique. This technique emphasizes reacting naturally to one’s environment in a scene and _____ actors to focus less on their own movement and speech.

[17] Which choice completes the text so that it conforms to the conventions of Standard English?

During the American Civil War, thousands of women joined the war effort as _____ them was African American nurse Ann Bradford Stokes, who was later commended for her dedication to serving the medical needs of countless soldiers.

[18] Which choice completes the text so that it conforms to the conventions of Standard English?

When attempting to determine a fault’s seismic history, geophysicists like Dr. Estella Atekwana at the University of Delaware rely in part on data about the fault’s physical dimensions and geological features. For example, data from the US Geological Survey show the _____ and most recent deformation (less than 15 thousand years ago) of the Malibu Coast fault in Ventura County, California.

[19] Which choice completes the text so that it conforms to the conventions of Standard English?

During the last Ice Age, glaciers covered what is now Finnmark, Norway. As these massive ice forms moved across the region, they bore down on Earth's crust and, _____ left a deep, narrow 70 km inlet, or fjord, carved into the coastal landscape. Today, this spectacular cliff-sided body of water is known as Tanafjord.

[20] Which choice completes the text with the most logical transition?

In October 2011, professional skateboarder Elliot Sloan performed a trick called a 900. _____ he launched off a ramp, rotated 900 degrees in midair, and landed back on the ramp atop his board. As impressive as that may sound, a few skateboarders, including Jonathan Schwan, have even landed a 1080!

[21] Which choice completes the text with the most logical transition?

The geologic principle of cross-cutting relationships states that an intrusion is younger than the rocks through which it cuts. _____ geochemists analyzing a given rock formation can ascertain that an igneous intrusion that bisects a layer of 393.3-million-year-old Eifelian rock but not the 254.1-million-year-old Changhsingian rock above it is younger than the former but older than the latter.

[22] Which choice completes the text with the most logical transition?

On May 19, 1965, the president of South Korea, Chung Hee Park, was recognized with a ticker-tape parade in New York City. This was just one of a number of diplomacy-related parades over the years. _____ between 1886 and 2022, there were seventy-three ticker-tape parades held in New York to honor foreign heads of state.

[23] Which choice completes the text with the most logical transition?

While researching a topic, a student has taken the following notes:

- Each of Neptune’s fourteen moons takes a different amount of time to orbit Neptune.

- The moon Despina completes an orbit of Neptune in 0.33 Earth days on average.

- German mathematician and astronomer Johannes Kepler (1571–1630) developed three laws of planetary motion that describe the orbits of planets in a solar system.

- Kepler’s laws also apply to the orbits of natural satellites (e.g., moons).

[24] The student wants to specify how long Despina’s orbit of Neptune takes. Which choice most effectively uses relevant information from the notes to accomplish this goal?

While researching a topic, a student has taken the following notes:

- An isthmus is a strip of land that connects two larger pieces of land across an expanse of water.

- It is also known as a land bridge. The Isthmus of Panama is located in Central America.

- It connects North America to South America. The Isthmus of Ierapetra is located in the Mediterranean Sea.

- It connects the Siteia municipality to the rest of the island of Crete.

[25] The student wants to emphasize a difference between the Isthmus of Panama and the Isthmus of Ierapetra. Which choice most effectively uses relevant information from the notes to accomplish this goal?

While researching a topic, a student has taken the following notes:

- The Columbia Trail is a rail trail.

- It is located in New Jersey.

- The Flint Hills Trail is a rail trail.

- It is located in Kansas.

- Rail trails are former railroad corridors that have been converted into public paths.

[26] The student wants to emphasize a similarity between the Columbia Trail and the Flint Hills Trail. Which choice most effectively uses relevant information from the notes to accomplish this goal?

While researching a topic, a student has taken the following notes:

- On Earth We’re Briefly Gorgeous (2019) is an epistolary novel by American author Ocean Vuong.

- Epistolary novels are novels written primarily as a series of fictional documents.

- These documents can be letters, journal entries, newspaper clippings, and more.

- On Earth We’re Briefly Gorgeous consists primarily of letters.

- The letters are sent from a young man named Little Dog to his mother, Rose.

[27] The student wants to provide an example of an epistolary novel. Which choice most effectively uses relevant information from the notes to accomplish this goal?

Maryam Hosseini and colleagues trained a computer program to identify sidewalks in aerial images of Boston and used it on images of Washington, DC. Its performance on the images of Washington, DC, was _____ that on images of Boston; the accuracy was nearly the same for both, and the program could consistently distinguish whether the sidewalks were made of cobblestone or brick.

[1] Which choice completes the text with the most logical and precise word or phrase?

The following text is from Jhumpa Lahiri’s 2003 novel The Namesake. Gogol, a child, is at a beach in Massachusetts with his father.

He watches his father raise a kite within minutes into the wind, so high that Gogol must tip his head back in order to see, a rippling speck against the sky. The wind whips around their ears, turning their faces cold.

[2] As used in the text, what does the word “raise” most nearly mean?

Domesticated thousands of years ago in South America, the potato deviates structurally from the wild plant it is descended from. Summer squash differs even more from its own ancestor, which had a hard rind and bitter flesh. Indigenous people in eastern North America selectively bred the crop until it _____ the soft rind and mild-tasting flesh that now characterize it.

[3] Which choice completes the text with the most logical and precise word or phrase?

The HMS Conqueror is just one of approximately three million known historical shipwrecks spread throughout the world’s oceans, and their impact on underwater life and ecosystems is of great interest to researchers. Rachel Mugge and colleagues were particularly curious about the effects of wooden shipwrecks on three different seafloor microbial communities: bacteria, archaea, and fungi. The researchers studied two wooden shipwrecks in the Gulf of Mexico by placing pieces of pine and oak between zero and 200 meters away from each shipwreck to collect samples of microbes. They found that wood type had a much more significant influence on bacterial community composition than on archaeal or fungal community composition.

[4] Which choice best states the main purpose of the text?

In the US, the Trademark Act of 1946 allows companies to own trademarks, which are words or images that represent specific products. “Kleenex,” for example, refers to products made specifically by Kimberly-Clark, the company that owns the trademark. However, the Trademark Act of 1946 also allows a trademark to be taken away if it ceases to be specific. For example, “cellophane” was once a trademark for a particular brand of food wrapping material. Over time, though, people started using “cellophane” to refer to many different brands. Because the word had become generic, a court decided that it could no longer be owned as a trademark.

[5] Which choice best describes the function of the underlined sentence in the text as a whole?

Text 1

From the extinct giant ground sloth to the living pygmy three-toed sloth, sloths are among the most appealing animals native to the Americas. But scientists still have a lot to learn about them. Unlike their ancient ground-dwelling relations, today’s sloths spend most of their time high up in trees. The sloths’ inaccessibility has made it hard for scientists to study them.

Text 2

By using a backpack monitor, biologist Rebecca Cliffe and colleagues can at last discover the previously hidden activities of sloths. Such monitors can provide information to correct misconceptions. It was long believed that sloths are slow because of laziness. But, in fact, sloths have low metabolism, which makes them slow.

[6] The author of Text 1 and the author of Text 2 both discuss which topic?

Rocky Ridge Farmhouse in Mansfield, Missouri, is the house where Laura Ingalls Wilder lived for nearly twenty years and wrote her novel Little House on the Prairie. Now the house is a museum dedicated to Wilder’s life and writings. It’s likely obvious why fans of Wilder’s works would choose to visit the museum. However, its curators also want to appeal to visitors who aren’t already familiar with Wilder. Guided tours and special events, such as outdoor plays based on Wilder’s books, are therefore important, since they help visitors find enjoyment in Wilder’s works.

[7] Based on the text, what is a benefit of visiting Rocky Ridge Farmhouse?

Memoirs of Elleanor Eldridge is an 1838 historical account by Elleanor Eldridge and Frances Harriet Whipple Green. In the book, the authors assert that all people naturally have an emotional attachment to where they live, writing, _____

[10] Which quotation from Memoirs of Elleanor Eldridge most effectively illustrates the claim?

Biologist Rosanna Alegado believes that we might learn how multicellular organisms developed from single-celled ones if we understand why the single-celled organism Salpingoeca rosetta, the oldest living relative of animals, sometimes forms colonies of cells. Alegado and colleagues reviewed data from many studies about how S. rosetta responds when exposed to another type of single-celled organism, bacteria, including William C. Nierman's work with Caulobacter crescentus bacteria and Josefa Antón's work with Salinibacter ruber bacteria. Alegado and colleagues concluded that neither C. crescentus nor S. ruber are likely to have played a significant role in the development of multicellular organisms.

[11] Which finding, if true, would most directly support Alegado and colleagues’ conclusion?

Humans are overwhelmingly right-hand dominant (8590%) and can thus be said to exhibit strong population-level right handedness (PLRH). Among studies of nonhuman primates, Margaret E. Redshaws 1993 study of captive gorillas purported to show PLRH, while William C. McGrew and colleagues 1999 study of wild chimpanzees did not. Overall, the studies claiming PLRH in nonhuman primates find much lower incidences of right-handedness than humans exhibit, but its worth noting that studies of captive primates tend to show significantly greater incidences of right-handedness than studies of wild primates do, therefore raising the possibility that _____

[12] Which choice most logically completes the text?

All stainless steel contains varying amounts of iron, carbon, and corrosion-inhibiting chromium. However, ferritic stainless steel, often used for induction cookers, contains a higher percentage of chromium (at least 10.5%) than does austenitic stainless steel and a higher concentration of iron, which is responsible for its magnetic properties. Unlike ferritic stainless steel, austenitic stainless steel has a face-centered cubic crystalline structure resulting from the addition of nickel to the alloy. Austenitic stainless steel has two subtypes: the 300 series, often used for aerospace tubing, and the 200 series, which has less nickel and more manganese than the 300 series and is used for home water tanks. Thus, stainless steel used to manufacture _____

[13] Which choice most logically completes the text?