AP US Government Judiciary

The power of courts to declare laws unconstitutional

The view that judges should decide cases strictly on the basis of the language of the laws and the Constitution

The view that judges should discern the general principles underlying laws or the Constitution and apply them to modern circumstances

A federal court authorized by Article III of the Constitution that keeps judges in office during good behavior and prevents their salaries from being reduced. They are the Supreme Court created by the Constitution and appellate and district courts created by Congress.

The lowest federal courts; federal trials can be held only here.

Federal courts that hear appeals from district courts; no trials.

Courts created by Congress for specialized purposes whose judges do not enjoy the protections of Article III of the Constitution

An examination of the political ideology of a nominated judge

Cases concerning the Constitution, federal laws, or treaties

Cases involving citizens of different states who can bring suit in federal courts

An order by a higher court directing a lower court to send up a case for review

A method whereby a poor person can have his or her case heard in federal court without charge

A rule that allows a plaintiff to recover costs from from defendant if the plaintiff wins

The party that initiates a lawsuit

A legal ruling stating who is authorized to start lawsuit