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The bookstore near the apartments which house many rare collections (stays, stay) open until midnight.

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This research paper on the effects of global warming in the Arctic (is, are) a crucial study.

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The shop under the bridge which doesn’t get much light (supports, support) community artisans.

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The cafe by the lake which sells handmade pastries (hosts, host) live music on weekends.

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The news about the election (is, are) shocking.

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Many houses and a shopping center in the suburb (was, were) affected by the power outage.

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The habit of biting your nails often (indicates, indicate) nervousness or stress.

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Notes within a song that are played softly (creates, create) a soothing atmosphere.

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The markets near the school which looks old (closes, close) late on Fridays.

Infer the meaning of the word Inevitable based on the context clues provided in the paragraphs. Paragraph 1 (Character Reaction): As the final pieces fell into place, they recognized the outcome was no longer a matter of preference. Paragraph 2 (Cause and Effect): Because every attempt to redirect the process failed, the conclusion approached steadily. Paragraph 3 (Contrast): While earlier decisions carried flexibility, this one moved forward with unstoppable momentum.

Infer the meaning of the word Amorphous based on the context clues provided in the paragraphs. Paragraph 1 (Character Reaction): The sculptor frowned at the clay, which slumped with no recognizable form. Paragraph 2 (Cause and Effect): Because the mist spread unevenly, no clear shapes emerged. Paragraph 3 (Contrast): The first design had crisp edges; the second resembled a shifting cloud.

Infer the meaning of the word Inadvertently based on the context clues provided in the paragraphs. Paragraph 1 (Character Reaction): He knocked over the vase while reaching for his backpack, clearly not meaning to. Paragraph 2 (Cause and Effect): Because she forgot to lock the door, she unintentionally let the wind blow it open. Paragraph 3 (Contrast): While some mistakes were deliberate, this one occurred purely by chance.

Infer the meaning of the word Affecting based on the context clues provided in the paragraphs. Paragraph 1 (Character Reaction): When the final scene ended, several viewers wiped tears from their eyes. Paragraph 2 (Cause and Effect): Because the speech described real sacrifice, the audience felt energized. Paragraph 3 (Contrast): While some parts passed quietly, others drew visible reactions from nearly everyone.

Infer the meaning of the word Fraudulent based on the context clues provided in the paragraphs. Paragraph 1 (Character Reaction): The certificate bore signatures that experts later determined had never existed. Paragraph 2 (Cause and Effect): Because the documents were fabricated, the entire case collapsed. Paragraph 3 (Contrast): While genuine applications passed inspection, his fell apart under basic verification.

Infer the meaning of the word Unprecedented based on the context clues provided in the paragraphs. Paragraph 1 (Character Reaction): Reporters insisted they had never witnessed such an event. Paragraph 2 (Cause and Effect): Because the storm reached unheard-of speeds, meteorologists scrambled. Paragraph 3 (Contrast): While previous years were normal, this moment was entirely new.

Infer the meaning of the word Exploit based on the context clues provided in the paragraphs. Paragraph 1 (Character Reaction): He noticed the newcomer’s uncertainty and immediately took over, gaining the credit himself. Paragraph 2 (Cause and Effect): Because the company realized customers would pay more for convenience, it raised prices sharply. Paragraph 3 (Contrast): While some acted fairly, others used every weakness around them to gain an edge.

Infer the meaning of the word Substantiate based on the context clues provided in the paragraphs. Paragraph 1 (Character Reaction): She gathered documents, charts, and firsthand accounts to strengthen her argument. Paragraph 2 (Cause and Effect): Because witnesses shared recordings that aligned with his statement, the committee accepted the story. Paragraph 3 (Contrast): While some claims floated without support, this one was reinforced with tangible evidence.

Infer the meaning of the word Sanguine based on the context clues provided in the paragraphs. Paragraph 1 (Character Reaction): Even after the setback, she smiled and said things would work out. Paragraph 2 (Cause and Effect): Because he trusted the process, he felt hopeful about the outcome. Paragraph 3 (Contrast): While others worried constantly, she remained upbeat.

Infer the meaning of the word Antiquity based on the context clues provided in the paragraphs. Paragraph 1 (Character Reaction): The sculpture’s weathered surface suggested it belonged to an age long before recorded histories. Paragraph 2 (Cause and Effect): Because the excavation uncovered pottery from early civilizations, historians reconsidered timelines. Paragraph 3 (Contrast): While contemporary pieces showed modern methods, this artifact reflected techniques from thousands of years ago.

Marine biologists observed that one species of coral exhibited severe bleaching after a short heat exposure. The species was known to be unusually temperature-sensitive compared to other coral species. Other organisms in the reef did not experience bleaching under the same conditions. Proposed Conclusion: All marine organisms will bleach or die after short-term heat exposure. Question: Is the proposed conclusion logically correct?

Vocal-pedagogy researchers studied whether real-time tuning feedback improved choral pitch accuracy. Singers who viewed instant pitch-tracking displays made fewer tuning errors than singers who received only end-of-session comments. All singers rehearsed the same music for equal time. Proposed Conclusion: Real-time tuning feedback improved pitch accuracy relative to delayed feedback in this study. Question: Is the proposed conclusion logically correct?

Forest entomologists studied a beetle that depends on a symbiotic fungus to digest decaying logs. Beetles living with fungal colonies were dense. The relationship was unusually specialized for temperate forests. Proposed Conclusion: All decomposer insects depend on fungal partners to digest wood. Question: Is the proposed conclusion logically correct?

A psychology team tested whether short meditation clips reduced physiological stress. Participants who watched meditation videos showed lower heart rates than those who watched neutral clips. The study did not test performance or decision-making under stress. Proposed Conclusion: Participants who watched meditation clips made better decisions under stress. Question: Is the proposed conclusion logically correct?

A zoo tracked which animals visitors photographed most often. Elephants received the most photos, but they did not track which animals visitors preferred or spent most time observing. Proposed Conclusion: Elephants were the zoo’s most popular animals. Question: Is the proposed conclusion logically correct?