Islamic god; Muslims believe it to be the same as the Jewish/Christian God, but their denial of the Trinity and the nature of Allah make him distinctly separate.

A religion based on the teachings of the prophet Mohammed which stresses belief in one god (Allah). Its followers are called Muslims and they adhere to the Five Pillars of their faith.

the flight of Muhammad and his followers to Medina in 622, which became year 1 of the official calendar of Islam

successor to Muhammad as political and religious leader of the Muslims

A holy war fought in the name of Islam against non-believers; sometimes interpreted as a metaphor for the internal, moral struggle of Muslims

Arabic for "recitation," it is the most sacred scripture of Islam and is believed contain the written record of the revelations given to Muhammad by the angel Gabriel.

artistic handwriting or lettering

Islamic house of worship

a man who calls Muslims to prayer from the minaret of a mosque

A distinctive feature of mosque architecture, a tower from which the faithful are called to worship.

Arab prophet; founder of religion of Islam.

Shahada- Declaration of faith, Salat- prayer, Zakat- alms giving, Sawm- fasting, and Hajj- pilgrimage to Mecca

An Islamic Dynasty based on succession rather than election following the first period of caliphates. Expanded the Islamic Empire farther into Africa and Asia. Fell apart in 750 CE due to internal tensions.

Ruling family of the Islamic Empire during its golden age. This dynasty is responsible for many achievements in math, science, medicine, and art. Moved the capital to Baghdad to be better positioned along trade routes from China to Europe.

(732 CE) European victory over Muslims. It halted Muslim movement into Western Europe. Charles Martel, a Frank (France), lead forces.

Muslim philosopher who blended Aristotle and Plato's views with Islam; a scholar who put all knowledge, except the Quran, to the test of reason

A Persian Philosopher who made fundamental and lasting contributions to the fields of medicine, chemistry (alchemy) and philosophy; greatest physician of the Muslim world

muslim mathematician who created the technique of "al-jabr" or algebra

Turkic people who advanced from strongholds in Asia Minor during 1350s; conquered large part of Balkans; unified under Mehmed I; captured Constantinople and most of Muslim world.

Mongolian ruler of Samarkand who led his nomadic hordes to conquer an area from Turkey to India; Temporarily interrupted the Ottoman Empire

Ruled Ottoman Empire for 46 years and when it was at its height; he was also called "The Magnificent", spread the empire, many cultural interests, expanded military, millet system, & devshirme system.